Continuities and discontinuities in the economic growth of Spain: 1850-1936

The Spanish pattern of economic growth during the last two centuries is quite unique. In the nineteenth century, Spain remained outside the process of industrialization, but during the twentieth century it has joined the small group of developed economies. This article checks the possible existence of discontinuities between 1850-1936 in the series of PNB, industrial production and private and public investment by utilizing recent developments in the econometric analysis associated with the work of Perron and Ziwot and Andrews. The results confirm the continuity of the Spanish growth during the long period considered. However, they also show two breakpoint years: 1870 in the series of industrial production and 1919 in the data of public investment. El crecimiento económico en España durante los dos últimos siglos, ha sido un proceso singular. Durante el siglo XIX su economía quedó al margen del proceso de industrialización, pero durante el XX ha conseguido incorporarse al reducido grupo de los países desarrollados. Aprovechando algunos de los recientes avances de la econometría asociados a los trabajos de Perron y Ziwot y Andews, este artículo contrasta, para la etapa 1850-1936, la posible existencia de rupturas en las series de PNB, producción industrial e inversión pública y privada. Los resultados confirman la continuidad básica del crecimiento económico español en el largo plazo. Sin embargo, al mismo tiempo, muestran dos rupturas estadísticamente significativas: 1870 en la serie de producción industrial y 1919 en la de inversión pública.Crecimiento económico, continuidad, 1850-1939 Economic growth, continuity, 1850-1939

The capital stock of the Spanish economy 1900-1958

This paper provides an estimate of the Spanish stock of physical capital between 1900 and 1958 in 1990 constant pesetas. The series is directly based on the progress made by the quantitative economic history in Spain during the last decade. An additional contribution of the paper is to present the capital/product and capital/labor ratio trends during the period considered. El documento ofrece una estimación del stock de capital físico español durante el periodo 1900-1958 en pesetas constantes de 1990. La serie se basa directamente en el progreso en España de la historia económica cuantitativa durante la última década. Una contribución adicional del trabajo es la presentación de las tendencias de las ratios capital/producto y capital/trabajo del periodo considerado.Stock de capital, acumulación de capital, inventario perpetuo Capital stock, capital accumulation, perpetual inventory

Searching for Exoplanets Using Artificial Intelligence

In the last decade, over a million stars were monitored to detect transiting planets. Manual interpretation of potential exoplanet candidates is labor intensive and subject to human error, the results of which are difficult to quantify. Here we present a new method of detecting exoplanet candidates in large planetary search projects which, unlike current methods uses a neural network. Neural networks, also called "deep learning" or "deep nets" are designed to give a computer perception into a specific problem by training it to recognize patterns. Unlike past transit detection algorithms deep nets learn to recognize planet features instead of relying on hand-coded metrics that humans perceive as the most representative. Our convolutional neural network is capable of detecting Earth-like exoplanets in noisy time-series data with a greater accuracy than a least-squares method. Deep nets are highly generalizable allowing data to be evaluated from different time series after interpolation without compromising performance. As validated by our deep net analysis of Kepler light curves, we detect periodic transits consistent with the true period without any model fitting. Our study indicates that machine learning will facilitate the characterization of exoplanets in future analysis of large astronomy data sets.Comment: Accepted, 16 Pages, 14 Figures, https://github.com/pearsonkyle/Exoplanet-Artificial-Intelligenc

Embodied Narratives: The Influence of Dance/Movement Therapy on the Mood of Hospitalized Children

The purpose of this qualitative collective case study was to understand how my Blanche Evan’s based dance/movement therapy treatment influenced mood for children on my case load in an inpatient general medical pediatrics unit. Patients participated in a minimum of one dance/movement therapy (DMT) session based on: availability, schedule of the subjects’ other medical treatments, and discharge date. Data collection methods included researcher journaling and audio recorded semi-structured interviews with participants and their caretakers following a one-hour dance/movement therapy session. Data was analyzed using thematic narrative analysis with a focus on the conversation between interview data and journal entries. Through these experiences, I gained a better understanding of what DMT was providing for them in their current reality and how it affected their mood. It revealed evidence of themes such as coping, mood, self-perception, socialization, stressors, and quality of life associated with the hospital setting. Each participant’s narrative was written as a creative short story to illuminate the unique experiences and essence of each case while bringing understanding to the use of Evan’s based dance/movement therapy for hospitalized children. 90 pages