Yeasts and wine

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá identifikací vinných kvasinek izolovaných z bobulí a moštu vinné révy. K izolaci byla použita bílá odrůda vína Sauvignon, které bylo pěstováno a vyráběno podle požadavků ekologického zemědělství. Odebrané vzorky byly zpracovány v laboratoři a pomocí zřeďovací metody byly získány čisté kultury jednotlivých kvasinek. Z těchto čistých kultur byla pomocí komerčního kitu UltraCleanTM Microbial DNA Isolation Kit vyizolována DNA, která byla použita k další analýze. Izolovaná DNA byla naamplifikována metodou PCR, za použití ITS1 a ITS4 primerů. PCR produkty byly detekovány elektroforeticky v agarozovém gelu. Naamplifikované vzorky, následně přečištěné, byly podrobeny restrikční analýze, ke které bylo použito pět restrikčních endonukleáz: HaeIII, HinfI, TaqaI, AluI a MseI. Vzorky po restrikční analýze byly opět elektroforeticky detekovány, vizualizovány pod UV detektorem a porovnány s obrazem štěpení sbírkově zařazených kvasinek. Dále byla srovnána similarita těchto izolátů a to za použití programu BioNumerics, kde jako kritérium podobnosti byly zvoleny Pearsonovy koeficienty a UPGMA klastrová analýza. Výsledkem je potom dendrogram genetické podobnosti izolovaných kvasinek.This thesis deals with isolation and identification wine yeasts from grapes and must. For analysis was used white wine Sauvignon that was grown and producing after needs ecological agriculture. Remove samples were processed in laboratory and by the help of dilution method were obtained pure culture isolated yeasts. In the following step, by the application of commercial kit UltraCleanTM Microbial DNA Isolation Kit we were able to isolated individual DNA that it was used to the next analysis. Isolated DNA was amplification by PCR method with ITS1 and ITS4 primers. PCR products were detected on agarose gel. Amplification samples were chopped five restriction endonucleases: HaeIII, HinfI, TaqaI, AluI and MseI. Chopped DNA was detected by the same way as PCR products and it was compared with restriction patterns of collection yeasts. In the next step it was compared genetic similarity of isolated yeasts by using BioNumerics software. As a criterion it was used Pearson coefficients and UPGMA clastering analysis. The result is dedrogram of genetics similarity isolated yeasts.

L-ascorbyl-6-palmitate and its utilization in dietary and cosmetic supplements.

Bakalářská práce se zabývá působením antioxidantů v potravních a kosmetických doplňcích. Popisují se zde některé antioxidanty jako jsou vitamín A a beta-karoten, vitamín E a tokoferoly a vitamín C, jako kyselina L-askorbová a její derivát L-askorbyl-6-palmitát. Tento derivát lze použít jako přídatná látka do kosmetických i potravních surovin, a to zejména do surovin, které obsahují tuky nebo oleje, protože jako lipofilní sloučenina, zabraňuje jejich žluknutí.Bachelor‘s thesis deals with the effection of antioxidants in foods and cosmetics supplements. Some antioxidants as vitamin A and beta-carotene, vitamin E and tocopherols and vitamin C as L-ascorbic acid and her derivate L-ascorbate-6-palmitate are described here. This derivate can by used as an accessory material in cosmetics and foods preparations, especially in the preparations that contain oil or fats, because as a lipophilic compound keeps them from getting rancid.

Potassium Dichromate as a Reference Substance for Embryonic Tests of Toxicity in the Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) has already been used as a reference substance in tests of toxicity with aquatic animals. The aim of this study was to determine and compare values of LC50 for potassium dichromate during the whole period of embryonic development (i.e., 120 h) and 48 h after hatching of embryos in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Fish eggs and embryos were exposed to 5 different concentrations of potassium dichromate (i.e., 372, 409, 450, 495, 545 mg l-1) during two experiments. Such characteristics as the cumulative mortality, the start and the end of hatching, the number of deformities, body length, and body mass of surviving individuals were studied during the tests. The highest mortality was found in the hatched embryos. Mortality and frequency of deformities increased with the growing concentration of potassium dichromate. The value of 120 LC50 for potassium dichromate was 464.91 ± 23.83 mg l-1 and the value of 48 LC50 was 458.94 ± 4.14 mg l-1 (mean ± SD). No statistically significant difference between values 120 LC50 a 48 LC50 was found. This is why reduction of the exposure period to only 48 h after hatching seems a reasonable method to study the control of susceptibility using potassium dichromate in embryonic tests of toxicity

Monitoring of aquatic biota in intensive fish farming system

The aim of the study was to conduct a detailed research of aquatic invertebrates in the intensive breeding system of salmonid fish in order to determine the taxonomic composition of the community and its seasonal dynamics, and to identify those species that may be hosts of parasitic disease agents. To date, this issue has not been studied at all in the Czech Republic. Monitoring was conducted on the Danish type recirculation system near the municipality of Pravíkov in the Highlands of the Czech Republic from April till November 2015. A total of 9 series of samples were taken. Macrozoobenthos was evaluated in terms of taxonomic composition and abundance. Basic physicochemical properties of water (temperature, oxygen concentration, pH and conductivity) were also measured. In total, 69 taxa of aquatic invertebrates were noted, with the wall being the richest with a mean abundance of 756 pcs/m2. Permanent groups predominated; the most numerous group was the subphylum Crustaceae, represented by a single species, Asellus aquticus.O

Plant-based and immunostimulant-enhanced diets modulate oxidative stress, immune and haematological indices in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three commercial diets, standard, immunostimulant-supplemented (β-glucan, vitamins C and E) and plant-based, on the degree of oxidative stress in tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Selected immune and haematological indices were measured and challenge with Aeromonas salmonicida was conducted. The plant-based diet systemically modulated all oxidative stress biomarkers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; reduced and oxidised glutathione and their ratio) in the intestine. The ratio was elevated in all organs (liver, kidney, muscle and intestine) and an enhancement of respiratory burst and complement activity was observed even in the control fish. With the standard diet, an elevation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the intestine and a decrease in some immune indices appeared after challenge. Less distinctive changes and the lowest mortality rate (the highest being with the plant-based feed) were obtained with immunostimulants. Increased total immunoglobulin, relative lymphocytosis and a decrease in the phagocyte count were observed. This study contributes especially by a thorough examination of oxidative stress indices in different tissues. The exact composition of these commercial diets is a trade secret; however, knowledge of their effects is extremely important for fish farmers using them; therefore, this study has a great practical impact