Un nuevo concepto de la gastronomía desde la bioeconomía y la actividad académica

El proyecto “Ciencia y arte en gastronomía: botánica gastronómica y gastronomía molecular” se está desarrollando con el objetivo de establecer y organizar el intercambio de conocimientos y negocio en este ámbito. Con este objetivo se pretende aunar el conocimiento científico con la salud y el bienestar social desde la perspectiva bioeconómica promoviendo la creación de riqueza y trabajo. El proyecto forma parte de los cursos especializados que la Universidad Complutense de Madrid oferta con el animo de incrementar el conocimiento y desarrollar competencias personales y profesionales. El programa responde a la demanda social proporcionando una formación con inmediata proyección profesional mediante el establecimiento de un nexo directo entre la actividad académica y la realidad social.Universidad de Sevilla. Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola The project "Science and art in gastronomy: gastronomic botany and molecular gastronomy" is being developed with the aim to establish and organize the exchange of knowledge and business in this area. In this way we are working to join the scientific knowledge to the health and the social well-being, without losing the current perspective from the bioeconomy which look forward the generation of wealth and work. The project belongs to specialized courses offered by The Complutense University of Madrid which aim is to update the knowledge and develop personal and professional competitions. These programs answer to a social demand on providing formation with professional immediate projection establishing a direct relation between the academic activity and the social reality

Essential Oil of Eryngium L. Species from New South Wales (Australia)

The essential oils from aerial parts of five Eryngium species of New South Wales have been examined by GC and GC/MS. The oil of Eryngium expansum F. Muell was characterized by a high amount of 7-epi-α-selinene (38.3%), cis-β-guaiene (10.8%), 2,3,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde (8.0%) and (E,E)-α-farnesene (7.3%). The leaf oil of E. pandanifolium Chain, et Schlecht contained bornyl acetate (20.8%), β-selinene (13.8%), α-selinene (11.3%) and α-muurolene (8.0%) as the main compounds, while the fruit oil was characterized by heptanol (11.5%) and β-selinene (9.2%). The principal compounds of E. rostratum Cav. were found to be spathulenol (20.0%) and β-bisabolol (8.6%) in the leaf oil while β-bisabolol (65.3%) was the main component in the fruit oil. β-Caryophyllene (20.3%), germacrene D (19.2%) and α-humulene (8.8%) were found to be the major compounds of E. vesiculosum Lab ill. Two populations of an undescribed species (E. sp.1, E. sp. 2) of this genus were also studied, the principal compounds being α-pinene (14.5-46.2%), bicyclogermacrene (7.1-16.4%), cubebol (0.6-9.0%) and spathulenol (0.8-8.7%). This is the first report on the essential oil composition of these Australian species

Composición química del aceite esencial de "Haplophyllum linifolium" (L.) G. Don fil

IÑIGO, A., PALÁ-PAÚL, J., PÉREZ-ALONSO, M.J. & VELASCO-NEGUERUELA, A. 2002. Composición química del aceite esencial de Haplophyllum linifolium (L.) G. Don fil. Bot. Complutensis 26: 79-83. El aceite esencial extraido de las partes aéreas de Haplophyllum linifolium (L.) G. Don fil., una rutácea endémica de la Península Ibérica ha sido analizado cuantitativa y cualitativamente mediante CG capilar y CG/EM respectivamente. Se han identificado 61 compuestos que corresponden a un 95,5% del total del aceite esencial. Los componentes mayoritarios identificados en esta especie fueron: germacreno D (36,2%), biciclogermacreno (9,0%) y beta-cariofileno (7,5%). IÑIGO, A., PALÁ-PAÚL, J., PÉREZ-ALONSO, M.J. & VELASCO-NEGUERUELA, A. 2002. Essential Oil composition from the aerial parts of Haplophyllum linifolium (L.) G. Don fil. Bot. Complutensis 26: 79-83. The volatiles isolated from the aerial parts of Haplophyllum linifolium (L.) G. Don fil., were studied by means of GC and GC/MS. Sixty-four components were characterized, amounting 95,5% of the oil. The major constituents found were germacrene D (36,2%), bicyclogermacrene (9.0%) and beta-caryophyllene (7,5%)

Volatile constituents of Ridolfia segetum (L.) Moris gathered in central Spain Castilla la Mancha province

The oils isolated from the aerial parts of Ridolfia segetum (L.) Moris (Apiaceae) gathered in Castilla la Mancha (Spain) were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. The oil from the flowers was dominated by α-phellandrene (32.0–33.8%), terpinolene (18.0–21.4%) and (Z)-β-ocimene (12.4–14.5%), while the main components of the fruit oils were found to be dillapiole (5.1–39.6%), β-pinene (10.3–20.9%), α-pinene (3.0–16.1%), α-phellandrene (13.7–15.3%) and (Z)-β-ocimene (8.1–12.8%). The oil from the stems was characterized by a high content of p-cymene (15.1–79.5%), (Z)-β-ocimene(0.9–38.5%) and α-phellandrene (1.1–14.4%), whereas the oil from the leaves was shown to contain p-cymene (8.8–83.6%), (Z)-β-ocimene (t-32.6%), myrcene (t-12.5%) and β-pinene (2.1–12.1%) as major constituents. © 2005, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved

Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of the Iberian Peninsula Endemic Species Eryngium dilatatum Lam.

Eryngium dilatatum Lam. is a thorny Iberian Peninsula endemic species belonging to the Apiaceae family that has not been previously analysed from a chemical point of view. Following our studies on this genus, we characterized the chemical composition of the essential oils from the different parts (inflorescences, stems + leaves, and roots) of this species; these parts were gathered in Cádiz (Spain). The specimens were collected in July during the flowering period and air-dried before the oil extraction by hydro-distillation. The essential oils were analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The different parts of the plant yielded low amounts of pale yellow oil, with the roots being the fraction that provided the lowest amount of oil. The chemical characterization of the essential oils showed qualitative and quantitative differences between the fractions examined, but all of them showed the same principal compound, germacrene D (9.1–46.5%). Similarly, all the fractions shared most of their representative constituents, with their percentage compositions being different from one sample to the other: α-cadinol (3.8%), bicyclogermacrene (3.5%), octanal (3.1%), and spathulenol (2.5%) were found in the inflorescences; octanal (8.1%), α-cadinol (3.7%), δ-cadinene (3.6%), (E)-caryophyllene (2.6%), bicyclogermacrene (2.5%), and spathulenol (2.4%) were found in the stems and leaves; and spathulenol (4.6%), α-cadinol (4.4%), khusinol (3.2%), α-muurolol (3.1%), and δ-cadinene (2.6%) were found in the roots. As far as we know, this is the first report about the chemical composition of this endemic species of the Iberian Peninsula. It contributes to the knowledge of this species and to the genus to which it belongs. This species could be considered as a natural source of germacrene D, which is a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon with active properties

Análisis del aceite esencial de las hojas de "Juniperus navicularis" Gandoger

VELASCO. NEGUERUELA, A., PÉREZ-ALONSO, M. J., PALÁ-PAÚL, J., ÍÑIGO, A. & LÓPEZ, G. 2002. Análisis del aceite esencial de las hojas de Juniperus navicularis Gandoger. Bot. Complutensis 26: 85-91. El aceite esencial obtenido de las hojas de Juniperus navicularis Gand., recolectadas en el SO de Portugal, fue analizado mediante cromatografía de gases (CG) y cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (CG/EM), utilizando también los índices de retención de Kováts. El aceite contenía como componentes mayoritarios alfa-pineno (30,8%), alfa- felandreno (11,1%) y limoneno + beta-felandreno (27,2%). Otros compuestos característicos fueron... (Ver más) los cadinanos + muurolanos (2,7%) y también se encontraron (E)-nerolidol (4,8%) y alfa-epi-bisabolol (0,6%). VELASCO. NEGUERUELA, A., PÉREZ-ALONSO, M. J., PALÁ-PAÚL, J., ÍÑIGO, A. & LÓPEZ, G. 2002. Leaf essential oil analysis of Juniperus navicularis Gandoger. Bot. Complutensis 26: 85-91. The steam distilled oil obtained from the leaves of Juniperus navicularis Gand., gathered in SW Portugal was analysed by CG and GC/MS in combination with retention indices. The oil was shown to contain alfa-pinene (30,8%), alfa-phellandrene (11,1%) and limonene + beta- phellandrene (27,2%) as major constituents. Other characteristic compounds were cadinanes + muurolanes (2,7%). In addition to these components, (E)-nerolidol (4.8%) and alfa-epi-bisabolol (0,6%) were... (Ver más) also present

Optimization of a Green Microwave-Assisted Extraction Method to Obtain Multifunctional Extracts of Mentha sp.

A microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) procedure has been optimized to simultaneously provide multifunctional extracts of Mentha sp. leaves with improved antioxidant properties and, for the first time, with optimal antimicrobial activity. Among the solvents evaluated, water was selected as the extractant in order to develop a green procedure and also for its improved bioactive properties (higher TPC and Staphylococcus aureus inhibition halo). MAE operating conditions were optimized by means of a 3-level factorial experimental design (100 °C, 14.7 min, 1 g of dry leaves/12 mL of water and 1 extraction cycle), and further applied to the extraction of bioactives from 6 different Mentha species. A comparative LC-Q MS and LC-QToF MS analysis of these MAE extracts was carried out for the first time in a single study, allowing the characterization of up to 40 phenolics and the quantitation of the most abundant. Antioxidant, antimicrobial (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium) and antifungal (Candida albicans) activities of MAE extracts depended on the Mentha species considered. In conclusion, the new MAE method developed here is shown as a green and efficient approach to provide multifunctional Mentha sp. extracts with an added value as natural food preservatives

Essential oil composition of the leaves and spikes of Piper carpunya Ruíz et Pavón (Piperaceae) from Peru

A steam distilled oil obtained from the leaves and spikes of Piper capunya Ruíz et Pavón (syn. Piper lenticellosum C. DC.) grown in the Peruvian Amazon basin was analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. In the leaf oil, 38 components amounting to 93.7% of the oil were characterized; in the oil from the spikes, 36 constituents adding up to 98.4% were identified. The oil from the leaves was shown to contain α-terpinene (12.1%), p-cymene (10.9%), 1,8-cineole (13.0%), safrole (14.9%) and spatulenol (9.8%) as major constituents, whereas the spike oil was shown to have α-terpinene (9.8%), p-cymene (7.7%), 1,8-cineole (30.2%) and safrole (32.0%). © 2004, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved

Leaf essential oil of Piper barbatum H.B.K. (piperaceae) from Peru

A steam distilled oil obtained from the leaves of Piper barbatum H.B.K.;grown in Peru, in the Amazon basin, was analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Fifty-three components amounting to 98.3% of the oil were characterized from which 17 (totalling 86.6%) were found to be arylpropanoids. The oil contained 2-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxypropiophenone (29.5%), α-asarone (14.1%), apiole (8.9%), β-asarone (9.4%), methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxypropiophenone isomer (10.9%), and (Z)-isoelemicin (9.5%) as major constituents of the oil