Evaluation of dietary supplements of Pediococcus acidilactici bacteria and Agaricus bisporus mushroom powder on skin mucus immune indices of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to silver nano-particles

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplements of Pediococcus acidilactici bacteria and Agaricus bisporus mushroom powder separate and combined (combined supplement) on the skin mucosal immune indices of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in exposure to silver nano-particles. For this purpose, 180 fish with mean weight 29.6±0.4 g were fed in four treatments: bacteria (1 g/kg of diet), mushroom powder (10 g/kg of diet), combined bacteria and mushroom powder (1 and 10 g/kg of bacteria and mushroom) supplements and control (nutritionally non-supplemented) treatments and each treatment with 3 replicate (15 fish per replicate) for 60 days. After the end of the feeding period, the fish were exposed to sub-acute concentration of nano-silver (1 mg/l) for 14 days. Sampling of skin mucosa was performed to evaluate the immune-related parameters on days 1, 7 and 14 (5 sampling per replicate). Results showed that activity of lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase enzymes, soluble protein and total immunoglobulin in diets containing dietary supplements had a significant difference in nano exposed groups with control treatments (p<0.05) and had the highest amount on day 14. Also, although the control treatment had a 14-days incremental trend, it had the lowest levels than dietary supplement treatments. Combined food supplements, bacteria and mushroom powder showed the highest effects on mucosal immune parameters in exposure to nano-silver respectively

Histological study and evaluation of Hsp70 gene expression in gill and liver tissues of goldfish (Carassius auratus) exposed to Zinc oxide nanoparticles

In parallel with the increased use of nano-sized metallic materials, the possibility of their release into the environment has increased in recent decades. However, there is not sufficient information on the toxic potential of these materials on different aspects of the life history of aquatic organisms. In this study, we investigated the impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on goldfish by studying histopathological alteration and Hsp70 gene expression in gill and liver tissues. The results showed that after exposure to different concentrations of ZnO-NPs, severe lesions were observed in the gill and liver tissues of goldfish. Expression of Hsp70 significantly increased in comparison with the control group and this increase was observed especially in the initial sampling times. Also expression pattern of Hsp70 is relatively similar in gill and liver tissues of goldfish. Based on the results of the present study, ZnO-NPs, as widely used nanoparticles can endanger the health of goldfish and further studies are needed to evaluate its potential toxic effects. © 2021 Iranian Fisheries Research Organization. All rights reserved

In vitro Selection of Synbiotics and in vivo Investigation of Growth Indices, Reproduction Performance, Survival, and Ovarian Cyp19α Gene Expression in Zebrafish Danio rerio

In this study, we tested the compatibility of two extracts from the plant Jerusalem artichokes and button mushrooms with two different Lactobacillus probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus; La and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus; Lb) to develop a synbiotic formulation to improve the growth, survival, and reproductive performances of farmed fishes. Initially, we employed in vitro approach to monitor the growth of the probiotic lactobacilli in the presence of the different doses of the plant-based prebiotics, with the aim of selecting interesting combination(s) for further verification under in vivo conditions using zebrafish as a model. Results from the in vitro screening assay in the broth showed that both the probiotic species showed a preference for 50 mushroom extract as a source of prebiotic. A synbiotic formulation, developed with the selected combination of L. acidophilus, L. bulgaricus, and 50 mushroom extract, showed a positive influence on the growth and reproductive performances of the zebrafish. Our findings also imply that the improvement in the reproductive indices was associated with the upregulation of a cyp19a gene. Overall results suggest that a combination of L. acidophilus, L. bulgaricus, and mushroom extract can be considered as a potential synbiotic for the successful production of aquaculture species. © Copyright © 2021 Zakariaee, Sudagar, Hosseini, Paknejad and Baruah

Histological study and evaluation of Hsp70 gene expression in gill and liver tissues of goldfish (Carassius auratus) exposed to Zinc oxide nanoparticles

In parallel with the increased use of nano-sized metallic materials, the possibility of their release into the environment has increased in recent decades. However, there is not sufficient information on the toxic potential of these materials on different aspects of the life history of aquatic organisms. In this study, we investigated the impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on goldfish by studying histopathological alteration and Hsp70 gene expression in gill and liver tissues. The results showed that after exposure to different concentrations of ZnO-NPs, severe lesions were observed in the gill and liver tissues of goldfish. Expression of Hsp70 significantly increased in comparison with the control group and this increase was observed especially in the initial sampling times. Also expression pattern of Hsp70 is relatively similar in gill and liver tissues of goldfish. Based on the results of the present study, ZnO-NPs, as widely used nanoparticles can endanger the health of goldfish and further studies are needed to evaluate its potential toxic effects. © 2021 Iranian Fisheries Research Organization. All rights reserved

Analysis of the Effects of Isotretinoin on Rhinoplasty Patients

Background: Although the number of cosmetic surgeries performed per year continues to increase, many candidates have skin problems. Thick-skinned rhinoplasty patients pose a real challenge for surgeons. Fear of performing surgery in patients with a history of isotretinoin use is another concern. Objectives: The aim of this study was to study the effects of perioperative isotretinoin on rhinoplasty patient outcomes. Methods: This research was conducted on 350 rhinoplasty patients, divided into control and experimental groups, between 2012 and 2015. The experimental group patients were requested to consume isotretinoin from 2 weeks before surgery to 2 months following the surgery. A comparison was made between the 2 groups 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the surgery. Results: Statistical tests indicated that the satisfaction of experimental group patients at months 1 and 3 following the surgery was significantly higher than that of control group patients (P < 0.01). Examination of the patients' noses found little evidence for soft tissue repair disturbance and cartilaginous deformities. Nine patients from the experimental group needed revision surgery during the study period, but none of the revision surgeries was for a cause clearly attributable to the intake of isotretinoin. Conclusions: The results of this research suggest that isotretinoin causes no evident disturbance to the recovery of rhinoplastic incisions and internal nose structures. Moreover, none of the experimental group patients showed hypertrophic tissues and cartilaginous deformities, and the repair was satisfactory, similar to the control group. However, patients receiving isotretinoin were more satisfied with their operation outcomes and experienced fewer skin problems. Level of Evidence: 3: © 2020 The Aesthetic Society. Reprints and permission: [email protected]