Productivity, quality and economics of four spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars as affected by three cultivation technologies

ArticleManaging farming inputs in wheat production technologies is an issue of paramount importance to attain optimum profitable production. To examine how varying the farming inputs affects the nutrients uptake and productivity of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and to determine the economic efficiency of various cultivation technologies, three-year field experiments were laid out at the Russian Research Institute of Agriculture, during the 2015–2017 growing seasons. Experiments were conducted once a year using randomized complete block arranged in a split plot experimental design with three replications, with the cultivation technology treatments (basic, intensive and high intensive technology) as the main plots, and spring wheat cultivars (Zelata, Lubova, Liza and Ester) as the sub-main plots. The highest grain yield (10.8 t ha-1), harvest index (42.9%), gluten content (39.45%) and gluten index (71.17%) observed for spring wheat cultivar Lubova with the moderate application of farming inputs as an intensive cultivation technology. Highest protein content (18.02%) was attained for both intensive and high intensive cultivation technology with the cultivar Lubova, and the highest 1,000 grains weight (46.32 g) was recorded by cultivar Lubova in basic cultivation technology. Applying moderate amount of inputs as an intensive cultivation technology resulted in highest wheat yield and net income

Productivity of various barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars under semi-arid conditions in southern Russia

ArticleDrought is a significant factor limiting crop production in arid conditions. In the dry climatic weather situation of southern Russia, ten - year laboratory trials and subsequent field experiments were laid out on various barley varieties collected across the globe during 2007 – 2017 period. This study was conducted to ascertain from the collection of barley cultivars of the entire world which one is best suited to stressful climatic conditions by being tolerant to drought, heat and salinity which can be adopted for barley breeding. According to the results obtained, the varieties that are tolerant to dry climatic conditions are as follows: Alga (Lithuania), Brenda, Henni (Germany), Décor (Great Britain), Furat 5 (Syria), Vakula (Ukraine), Ataman (Belarus) and Vladimir (Russia); heat resistant varieties are: Brenda (Germany), Alga (Lithuania), Furat 5 (Syria), Ataman (Belarus) , Vladimir and Ratnik (Russia); Salt - resistant varieties: Alga (Lithuania), Henni (Germany) and Vladimir (Russia). The selected varieties did not show any sign of adverse weather effect resulting in stable grain productivity throughout the entire duration of this research over the years, they had large grain size and stable 1 , 000 grains weight. However, the yield of selected cultivars varied over the years which was about 1.1 – 1.4 t ha - 1

Идентификация Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle 1925) Stapp 1928 в гидропонном производстве салата

Relevance. Lettuce (Latin: Lactúca satíva) is a species of annual herbaceous plant in the genus Lettuce of the Asteraceae family. As a vegetable crop, it is cultivated everywhere in the world, and its hydroponic cultivation technology has received special development in recent years. One of the common pathogens of lettuce is Pseudomonas cichorii, causing bacterial diseases of several important cultivated plants. In this regard, the study of the occurrence of this pathogen is important.Material and methodology. The study was conducted on the basis of the Department of Agrobiotechnology of the ATI of RUDN University. The samples were provided by a commercial manufacturer of lettuce grown on a flow-through hydroponic line under conditions of minimal microbial contamination. The study of phytopathogenic bacteria includes a number of stages: isolation of bacteria on semi-selective culture media and obtaining a pure culture of bacteria; setting a test for pathogenicity (virulence); studying the phenotypic properties of bacteria; determining the taxonomic position of the isolated strains by molecular methods. All studies were conducted in accordance with the standard methods of identification of phytopathogenic bacteria.Results. As a result of the work, the distribution of the species Pseudomonas cichorii in the hydroponic culture of lettuce in the Russian Federation was confirmed. Although, according to the EPPO database, P. cichorii was first described in Russia in 1965 by microbiological methods, but isolated bacteria are not available in microbiological collections to confirm this conclusion with appropriate diagnostic methods. Twelve isolates of P. cichoriiwere studied by a biochemical and phytopathological tests, and four isolates (01, 04, 06, and 12) that showed the greatest aggressiveness on host plants and tobacco leaves were identified by DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene fragment. The obtained DNA fragments showed a high similarity (99-100%) with the sequences of P. cichoriifrom the Genebank. Evaluation of the virulence of the isolated isolates on a number of other cultivated plants, and the uniformity of their biochemical characteristics showed that they represent a group of bacteria specialized in lettuce.Актуальность. Салат посевной, латук посевной или салат латук (лат. Latuca sativa) –вид однолетних травянистых растений рода Латук семейства Астровые (Asteraceae). В качестве овощной культуры возделывается повсеместно в мире, особое развитие в последние годы получило выращивание салата в защищенном грунте при гидропонной технологии выращивания. Одним из распространенных патогенов салата является Pseudomonas cichorii –возбудитель бактериозов нескольких важных культурных растений. В связи с этим, изучение встречаемости этого патогена является актуальным.Материал и методика. Исследование проводили на базе департамента Агробиотехнологии АТИ РУДН. Образцы были предоставлены коммерческой компанией – производителем салата, выращиваемого на проточной гидропонной линии в условиях минимального заражения микроорганизмами. Изучение фитопатогенных бактерий включает ряд этапов: выделение бактерий на полу-селективные питательные среды и получение чистой культуры бактерий; постановка теста на патогенность (вирулентность); изучение фенотипических свойств бактерий; определение таксономического положения выделенных штаммов молекулярными методами. Все исследования проводили св соответствии со стандартными методиками идентификации фитопатогенных бактерий.Результаты. В результате работы получено подтверждение распространения вида Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle 1925) Stapp 1928 в гидропонной культуре салата в РФ. Хотя, согласно базе данных ЕОКЗР, P. cichorii был впервые описан в России в 1965 году на основании микробиологических методов идентификации, выделенные изоляты бактерии недоступны в коллекциях для подтверждения данного вывода современными диагностическими методами. Двенадцать изолятов P. cichoriiбыли изучены по комплексу биохимических признаков и четыре изолята (01, 04, 06 и 12), показавшие наибольшую агрессивность при проведении инокуляции растений-хозяев и табака, были использованы для секвенирования ДНК фрагмента гена 16S рРНК. Полученные фрагменты ДНК показали высокое сходство (99-100%) с последовательностями P. cichoriiиз Генбанка. Оценка вирулентности выделенных изолятов на ряде культурных растений, и однородность их биохимических признаков показали, что они представляют группу бактерий, специализированных на салате

The genus Alchemilla L. In the flora of Sverdlovsk Region

Based on own authors' collections and revised collections in herbaria (SVER, UFU, LE, MW, NNSU), checklist of the genus Alchemilla for Sverdlovsk Region (Middle Urals) was compiled. Each species in the checklist was followed by a nomenclature reference, information on type, habitats, distribution in the region by its botanical-geographical areas. 62 species of Alchemilla were registered in the region. Seven species (A. cheirochlora, A. decalvans, A. filicaulis, A. glabricaulis, A. iremelica, A. pseudocalycina, A. tichomirovii) were revealed in the region flora for the first time. For three species (A. argutiserrata, A. sarmatica, A. submamillata) erroneously noted for this flora, the presence in the region was confirmed. A. filicaulis and A. exsculpta are new for Asian part of Russia. The presence of a true A. glabricaulis (as adventive species) was confirmed in the Asian part of Russia. Noted for trans-Urals endemic species A. gorodkovii had been placed to synonyms of east-european A. semilunaris and was listed under corresponding name. Among them, 57 species are found in the mountainous part of the region, 27 species of Alchemilla grow in the cis-Urals area, and 12 species in the eastern plain part of the region. Most of the Alchemilla-species complex of Sverdlovsk Region are plain-mountainous and plain species - 27 and 16 species respectively. Alchemillaspecies complex of the region includes 14 East European species, and 7 species associated with West European mountain systems, 27 species associated with Central Asian mountain systems (22 species of continuous and 5 of disjunctive ranges). As for soil moisture factor, mesophytes (17 species) prevail. Most of the species are the components of meadow (29 species), marginal-meadow (10 species) and meadow-steppe (5) communities. 18 species, distributed in the highlands of the Northern Urals, were attributed to the group of alpine-meadow species. An original key has been made to identify 62 Alchemilla-species, occurring in Sverdlovsk Region. © 2019 Altai State University. All rights reserved

STUDY OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL EVOLUTION IN THE NORTH AFRICAN REGION (ALGERIA) AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE CEREAL PRODUCTION PROCESS: STUDY OF THE YIELD EVOLUTION OF DURUM WHEAT (TRITICUM DURUM DESF)

This work aims to study the spatial and temporal evolution of grain production in the wilaya of Bordj Bou Arréridj, which is situated in the high central plains of eastern Algeria, in relation to climate change over two period's time. A former period that stretches from 1997 to 2007 and another from 2007 to 2014. To this end, we selected potential cereal producing areas sown to durum wheat (21 stations). The selected stations have the same topographical feature, the results obtained indicate a favorable climate change in favor of the cereal yield, this change is expressed by the increase in the maximum temperature of 1,45C °C and minimum of 1,26 °C and precipitation 2,5 mm. Moreover this development is accompanied by an increase in production by 16544,4 t, which contributed to the improved performance by 6,33 t/h between the two periods studied. However the areas do not record any significant change. In the end our work revealed the positive effect of climate change on the improvement of the production of durum wheat in the province of BBA

Antipathogenic effects of emulsion and nanoemulsion of cinnamon essential oil against Rhizopus rot and grey mold on strawberry fruits

Application of essential oils in controlling plant pathogens is generally associated with difficulty due to low solubility in water, strong odor, physical and chemical instability. One of the ways to minimise these effects is to use a nanoemulsion system. It also increases the antimicrobial properties. In this research, after preparation of cinnamon (Cinnamon zeylanicum L.) essential oil (CEO), nanoemulsion of the essential oil was prepared and its physical and chemical properties were determined. The particle size of nanoemulsion was determined to be 115.33 +/- 3.97 nm. Emulsification and nanoemulsion of the essential oil along with thiabendazole as an antifungal agent at various concentrations of active ingredient were studied for control of Rhizopus stolonifera and Botrytis cinerea fungi, strawberry fruit decay. Results in solid Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium indicated that emulsion and nanoemulsion of CEO have a significant difference in antifungal activity against B. cinerea and R. stolonifera. The minimum inhibitory concentration was 500 and 1,000 mu l fungi per liter of culture medium. According to the results of the research, essential oil nanoemulsion had a significant effect on the reduction of a fungal cartilage of strawberry fruit. In general, nano-emulsions of the essential oil showed more antifungal activity than essential oil. There was no significant difference in decay control between thiabendazole and CEO. The nano-emulsion of cinnamon oil at a concentration of 0.2% proved significant effect in reducing fruit decay and showed the lowest fruit infection (5.43%). Consequently, nano-emulsion of essential oil is recommended for the production of natural fungicides

Сomparative estimation of biological and chemical preparates influnce on cabbage young plants development

Monitoring of cabbage young plants root rot diseases has been carried out. It was also estimated biological preparates Gamair and Gliocladin and fungicide Ridomil influence on the energy of seeds growth and morphological characteristics of young plants

Molecular identification and primer design for spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii)

Spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) belonging to the family Drosophilidae is a harmful insect pest in Russian Federation. At times, it may be specific to classify using adults and larva or nymph samples. The method of molecular diagnosis for D. suzukii has been developed from another non-quarantine species Drosophila sp. using the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I region of 709-bp. DNA samples with LCO1490 and HCO2198 primers amplified by Drosophila spp. collections in laboratory samples from Mexico, Egypt and Turkey were compared to other GenBank Drosophila taxa sequences. Based on DNA sequence polymorphisms, the findings of the polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) have shown that these primers (12. dsuz.F/R) classify the exact region of the gene as well as the specific Drosophila suzukii primer. This DNA collection is appropriate for regular use by diagnostic and research organizations as safety measure in quarantine and further reduce the spread of this pest. © 2020, Gaurav Society of Agricultural Research Information Centre. All rights reserved