The therapeutic effects of chamomilla tincture mouthwash on oral aphthae: a randomized clinical trial

Introduction: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common clinical condition producing painful ulcerations in the oral cavity. However, there has been no optimal therapeutic approach. Topical and systemic steroids commonly prescribed for the condition have local and systemic side-effects. Recently, there is growing tendency toward herbal medication in the modern society. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a chamomilla mouth rinse on reducing the signs and symptoms of aphthous lesions in comparison with a placebo mouth rinse. Material and Methods: A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed on 36 patients, from cases diagnosed with RAS, attending the Department of Oral Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. They were randomly divided into two groups: the intervention group(A), receiving chamomilla mouth rinse, and the control group (B) receiving a placebo rinse. The ability of the solution to control the pain and burning sensation and the number and size of the ulcers were evaluated. Results: The number of ulcers in the 3 rd visit (four days after treatment) showed a significant difference between the groups ( P <0.001). The pain and burning sensation (VAS) was reduced significantly in the test group in the 2 nd ( p =0.001),3 rd and 4 th visit ( P <0.001). Conclusions: Chamomilla mouth rinse was effective in the treatment of RAS, controlling the pain and burning sensation without producing any adverse side effects and can be advised as an alternative RAS treatment

Evaluation of the Quality and Quantity Dental Wastes in Dental Centers of Mashhad City, 2017

ABSTRACT Background & Objectives: Today, one of the most important environmental issues is dental solid wastes due to its high contents of toxic, pathogen and hazardous agents. The aim of this study was to quantity and quality analyses of dental solid waste in dental centers of Mashhad. Materials & Methods:In this descriptive study 40 Dental centers were studied. From each Dental centers, three samples were analyzed at the successive working days (Sunday, Monday and Tuesday). The samples were manually sorted into 64 different components and measured by digital scale. Then, measured components were classified on the basis of characteristic and hazardous potential as well as material type. Data analyzed by using descriptive statistics, SPSS 16 software. Results:According to the results, total waste produced in dental centers in Mashhad was 224.137 kg/day. Per capita and the average generation rate of each dentistry center were 106.32 g/day-patient and 5603 g/day, respectively. Potential infectious, domestic-type, chemical & pharmaceutical, and toxic wastes consisted of 41.24, 44.17, 9.89, and 4.7% of the waste generated, respectively. Conclusion: The per capita waste generation in dental clinics in Mashhad is high and the highest share are related to infectious and domestic-type wastes

Evaluation of desmoglein 1 and 3 autoantibodies in pemphigus vulgaris : correlation with disease severity

Pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering disease of the skin and mucous membranes caused by autoantibodies against desmoglein 1 (Dsg1) and desmoglein 3 (Dsg3). Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is the most common form of pemphigus. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between the levels of anti-desmoglein 1 and 3 autoantibodies and the severity of PV disease. Nineteen newly diagnosed patients with pemphigus vulgaris were enrolled in this study. The titers of Dsg in subjects by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were done at diagnosis time-point, 4th and 8th weeks after the initiation of treatment, and the correlation of antibodies with the oral and skin disease severity was evaluated. The severity of cutaneous lesions was significantly correlated with anti-Dsg1 titer in all visits and the severity of mucosal lesions was correlated with the titer of Dsg3 in the third visit (<0.001, 0.001, 0.016 and 0.015 P value, respectively). Anti-Dsg-1 autoantibodies titers seem to be more useful in showing the extent of the disease and activity in pemphigus with mucocutaneous lesions

Clinical and histopathological analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma of young patients in Mashhad, Iran : a retrospective study and review of literatures

Objectives: Oral Squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is primarily a disease that mainly occurs in males in their sixth and seventh decades of life and is rare in young adults. Study Design: In this retrospective study, records of patients under the age of 40, with the diagnosis of OSCC in the Oral Medicine Department of Mashhad Dental Faculty during the past 13 years were analyzed. Their socioeconomic data, demographic, clinical and histopathological characteristics, risk factors, familial history were assessed and applicable studies and case reports in the literatures were reviewed. PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) analysis was also done for detection of human papilloma virus (HPV). Results: From 158 cases of OSCC diagnosed in our centre, 21 patients were younger than 40 years. Most of them were young men (12 cases). There was no significant risk factor in this group. The most common site of involvement was the tongue. The most common clinical presentation was exophytic lesion with ulcer. No HPV DNA was detected in these patients. Conclusion: Characteristics of OSCC in young patients are different from older age group. Major risk factors (smoking and alcohol consumption and HPV) were not etiologic factors for OSCC in young patients in our province. © Medicina Oral S. L

Evaluation of the diagnostic value of a Modified Liquid-Based Cytology using OralCDx Brush in early detection of oral potentially malignant lesions and oral cancer

Objectives: To determine diagnostic value of modified Liquid Based Brush Biopsy technique. Study design: 26 oral premalignant and malignant lesions in 25 patients (12 females; 54.23±19.77 years and 13 males; 53.77±15.43 years) underwent Modified (Liquid Based) Brush Biopsy and scalpel biopsy simultaneously from the same area. Results: There were 16 positive and 10 negative brush biopsy results, with no inadequate readings. Histological findings were compatible with oral leukoplakia(n=5)with dysplasia, Oral lichen planus and lichenoid reaction(n=7) (with or without dysplasia)oral squamous cell carcinoma(n=11),verrucous carcinoma(n=1) and granular cell tumors( n=2). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive diagnostic likelihood ratio(LR+) and negative diagnostic likelihood ratio(LR-) were 88.8%,100%,100% , 80%, infinity and 0.11 respectively(no false positive results). Conclusion: It is the first attempt to do LBC (liquid based cytology) with a specialized oral brush. Our results show that modified technique is a useful tool for screening of oral premalignant and malignant lesions

Removal of Remazol Black B Dye by Electrocoagulation Process Coupled with Bentonite as an Aid Coagulant and Natural Adsorbent

Coloured discharge effluent into aquatic ecosystems may be carcinogenic and mutagenic besides aesthetic problems. In this work, the ability to remove (Remazol Black B) coloured water using electrocoagulation process is equipped with iron and aluminium electrodes with bentonite as a coagulant aid and natural adsorbent has been investigated. Remazol Black B was selected as a model dye and the treatment process was performed in a batch of electrocoagulation (EC) cell using iron and aluminium electrodes and bentonite. Experiments were conducted at 5 levels of various operational parameters at bench scale. The initial dye concentration was varied between 200-1200mg/L, pH ranging from 2-10; the retention time was between 0-60 minutes, the voltage studied was in the range of 5-30 V and the electrical conductivity was 0.25 to 2 Siemens/cm. Results showed that the use of electro-Aluminum and Iron, under optimum conditions of pH 2 and 4, the concentration of dye1000mg/L, the voltage of 30V and 30 min have the maximum dye removal of about 99% and 91%, respectively. Results showed that both electrode voltages increase the efficiency of the above process in paint removal with decreasing pH from 10 to 2 and increasing the voltage from 5 to 30 V. Results show that by electrocoagulation Process Coupled with Bentonite as an Aid Coagulant could be used as well as an effective method for dye removal from colored wastewater

Evaluation of Risk Factors in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: A Case Control Study

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Since there are many factors that influence the development of cancer, identifying risk factors plays an important role in cancer prevention. The aim of this study was therefore to identify the risk factors for HNSCC in Mashhad, Iran. Methods: In this case-control study, 76 patients with HNSCC were included as the case and 91 healthy people as the control group. A checklist of risk factors was completed for each participant and the two groups were compared for the presence of risk factors. Chi-square, t test, and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the data. Odds ratios (ORs) for several factors have also been determined. Findings: The educational level and body mass index (BMI) of the patients in the case group were significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.001). Moreover, there were significant differences between the two groups in terms of risk factors such as tobacco smoking, the number of cigarettes smoked per day, and its duration (P=0.001, P<0.001, P=0.05), as well as the duration of hookah smoking, opium consumed per day and use of alcohol (P=0.023, P<0.001, P=0.015). Conclusion: There was a direct relationship between HNSCC and risk factors such as cigarette smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day, duration of cigarette consumption and hookah, opium consumed per day, and alcohol use. However, extensive studies with larger sample sizes are needed to better assess the impact of these factors and generalize the results

Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity and Cotinine Levels of Saliva in Male Smokers and Non-smokers

Background: The cigarette compounds are associated with the increase in the incidence of oral cancer andprecancerous lesions. Salivary antioxidant system plays an important role in anti-carcinogenic capacity ofsaliva. Cotinine, a nicotine metabolite, has a longer half-life in comparison with nicotine and is a suitablemarker for exposure to cigarette smoke. This study aims to measure total antioxidant capacity (TAC) andcotinine level in saliva of smokers and non-smokers and compare salivary cotinine level and TAC in each grou.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 32 smokers and 34 non-smokers were recruited by consecutivesampling from Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences,Mashhad, Iran. Salivary cotinine and TAC concentrations were determined using the enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. For data analysis, correlation tests of Spearman, Mann-WhitneyU, and independent samples t-test were used.Findings: A significant difference was observed between the two groups in the mean cotinine level and in themean TAC (P = 0.015, P = 0.027, respectively). TAC showed a weak negative correlation with the cotininelevel, but the difference was not significant (P = 0.651).Conclusion: Antioxidants are of great importance to smokers because antioxidants are able to scavenge freeradicals found in cigarette smoke. According to the results of present study, the salivary TAC in smokers waslower than that of non-smokers, and the salivary cotinine level in smokers was higher than non-smokers.Therefore, smoking endangers the oral cavity health by reducing the salivary TAC. Further studies with ahigher sample size and other factors affecting the salivary TAC are needed for definitive comment

The effect of sub-epineural platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on regeneration of the sciatic nerve in a rat model

Background: Peripheral nerve injury is one of the most challenging of modern surgical problem. Recent advances in understanding the physiological and molecular pathways demonstrated the important role of growth factors in peripheral nerve regeneration. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a biological product that has many growth factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PRP in the regeneration of sciatic nerve crush in the rat model. Methods: In this experimental study that established in the animal lab of the Hazrat Fatemeh Hospital in Tehran from September to October 2013, Twenty-four healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into two groups. In all rats the sciatic nerve was cut and then carefully repaired by the tension free method under a light microscope. In group 1, after the repair, 0.05 μL of PRP was injected below the epineurium to the proximal and distal parts of the repaired area. In group 2 the same amount of normal saline was injected to the proximal and distal of the repaired area. After six weeks footprint analysis, neurophysiologic and histopathology evaluations were performed. Results: Significant differences existed between the two groups footprint analysis (P= 0.001). Also the nerve conduction latency test was significantly shorter in PRP group. (1.0233 ms in PRP group and 1.7375 ms in control) (P< 0.001). The average amplitude in the first group and the second group was 7.6250 mv (control) 6.3667 mv that does not show a statistically significant difference (P= 0.093). Significant differences between the two groups in the number of axons of the proximal portion of the study was not seen (P= 0.29). The parameters included number of axons of the proximal and the distal part of axons, the diameter of the distal and proximal axons in the two groups were compared. In the two groups there was statistically significant difference between the above parameters. (P= 0.298). Conclusion: It seems that PRP may have an important role in peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery after nerve laceration and repair. Further clinical evaluation recommended. © 2016, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved