El incierto futuro de Serbia tras las elecciones presidenciales

Las elecciones presidenciales en Serbia del 3 de febrero de 2008 han tenido una enorme importancia histórica para el futuro de un país en el que el grado de inestabilidad política depende en gran medida de la actuación de la Comunidad Internacional con respecto a la formación y proclamación de la independencia del segundo Estado albanés en los Balcanes y dentro del territorio de la provincia serbia de Kosovo. Estas elecciones también determinaron la dinámica y formas de desenvolvimiento del proceso negociador que mantiene Serbia con la UE. Las elecciones presidenciales se realizaron en un ambiente de grandes tensiones y divisiones políticas, económicas, e incluso culturales, demostrando que la sociedad serbia tiende a fragmentarse progresivamente en dos bloques, el llamado bloque democrático y proeuropeo (pro-occidental) y otro nacionalista, conservador y populista, cuyas características principales son: el euroescepticismo, el dogmatismo populista y un discurso político nacionalista al estilo de los años noventa del siglo pasado. La segunda vuelta de la contienda electoral se disputó entre Boris Tadic, actual presidente de la República y líder del Partido Democrático (DS), quien ganó con el 50,6% de los votos al nacionalista Tomislav Nikolic, vicepresidente del Partido Radical Serbio (SRS),[1] que obtuvo el 47,7% de los votos de los 6,5 millones de votantes. Es importante señalar que el 1,8% de votos fueron inválidos y que la tasa de participación se elevó al 66,8%, un récord desde la elección presidencial del año 2000 que dio paso a la caída del régimen autoritario del ex presidente yugoslavo Slobodan Milosevic. Según los analistas, a pesar de la victoria de las fuerzas políticas proeuropeas, el futuro político inmediato de Serbia seguirá siendo incierto debido a las fuertes fisuras que estas elecciones dejaron dentro de la coalición política gobernante

A Novel Measure of Work Stress: Identifying Work Stressor Patterns in Canada Using Latent Class Analysis

This analysis utilizes data from the 2012 Mental Health component of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS-MH) and latent class analysis to identify patterns of stressful work environments and their relationship with occupational and social location. Based on the intersection of 12 work stress measures, five classes of stressful work environments emerged that can be described as low stress, high stress, physical stress, monotonous, and chaotic environments. Results from models including covariates show that work stress exposure is stratified by occupation, socioeconomic status, age, gender, race/ethnicity, immigrant status, and marital status. Notably, blue- and pink-collar workers had higher odds of experiencing patterns of high stress and physical stress. With some exceptions, less educated, lower income workers, as well as women and younger workers, were more likely to experience all patterns of stressful work environments compared to experiencing low stress

Josephson coupling through ferromagnetic heterojunctions with noncollinear magnetizations

We study the Josephson effect in clean heterojunctions that consist of superconductors connected through two metallic ferromagnets with insulating interfaces. We solve the scattering problem based on the Bogoliubov--de Gennes equation for any relative orientation of in-plane magnetizations, arbitrary transparency of interfaces, and mismatch of Fermi wave vectors. Both spin singlet and triplet superconducting correlations are taken into account, and the Josephson current is calculated as a function of the ferromagnetic layers thicknesses and of the angle $\alpha$ between their magnetizations. We find that the critical Josephson current $I_c$ is a monotonic function of $\alpha$ when the junction is far enough from $0-\pi$ transitions. This holds when ferromagnets are relatively weak. For stronger ferromagnets, variation of $\alpha$ induces switching between 0 and $\pi$ states and $I_c(\alpha)$ is non-monotonic function, displaying characteristic dips at the transitions. However, the non-monotonicity is the effect of a weaker influence of the exchange potential in the case of non-parallel magnetizations. No substantial impact of spin-triplet superconducting correlations on the Josephson current has been found in the clean limit. Experimental control of the critical current and $0-\pi$ transitions by varying the angle between magnetizations is suggested.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure

THE INFLUENCE OF VARIETY AND VINTAGE ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF RED WINES IN PODGORICA SUBREGION (MONTENEGRO)

This paper presents the results of investigation of the influence of variety and vintage on the chemical composition and sensory properties of Vranac, Kratosija and Cabernet Sauvignon wines in Podgorica subregion (Montenegro) in vintages 2012 and 2013. The varietal wines were produced from the grapes grown at four different localities, according to a uniform manner (traditional method) in the winery of the Biotechnical Faculty, located at the experimental farm in Podgorica, at the vineyard location of Ljeskopolje. The analysis of basic chemical parameters of wines and sensorial testing of wines were carried out. The research findings show that variety and vintage (climatic conditions) significantly affected the chemical composition of wine. The higher content of alcohol and extract was measured in 2012 vintage, while the total acid content in wine was higher in2013, as a result of frequent rainfall during the growing season, especially in August and September. The highest content of alcohol, extracts and total acids was found in Kratosija wine, then in Cabernet Sauvignon, while the lowest content was found in Vranac wine in both vintages. According to sensory properties and average testing score for the two years of research, all wines fall into the category of superior wines

Large nonreciprocal absorption and emission of radiation in type-I Weyl semimetals with time reversal symmetry breaking

The equality between the spectral, directional emittance and absorptance of an object under local thermal equilibrium is known as Kirchhoff's law of radiation. The breakdown of Kirchhoff's law of radiation is physically allowed by breaking time reversal symmetry and can open opportunities for nonreciprocal light emitters and absorbers. Large anomalous Hall conductivity and angle recently observed in topological Weyl semimetals, particularly type-I magnetic Weyl semimetals and type-II Weyl semimetals, are expected to create large nonreciprocal electromagnetic wave propagation. In this work, we focus on type-I magnetic Weyl semimetals and show via modeling and simulation that nonreciprocal surface plasmons polaritons can result in pronounced nonreciprocity without an external magnetic field. The modeling in this work begins with a single pair of Weyl nodes, followed by a more realistic model with multiple paired Weyl nodes. Fermi-arc surface states are also taken into account through the surface conductivity. This work points to the promising applicability of topological Weyl semimetals for magneto-optical and energy applications.Comment: 24 pages, 4 figure

History and electrocardiography as pathway to diagnosis of Brugada syndrome: a case report

Introduction: The major electrocardiographic feature of Brugada syndrome is a distinct ST-segment elevation in the right precordial leads. Patients with spontaneously emerging Brugada ECG have a high risk of sudden arrhythmic death secondary to ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation. The ECG manifestations of Brugada syndrome are often dynamic. Type 1 pattern is diagnostic of Brugada syndome and is characterized by a coved ST segment elevation ≥2 mm, followed by a negative T wave.1-3 Case report: 23-years-old male has been hospitalized due to piercing pain in the left hemithorax and chills and fever lasting for several hours. He experienced such complaints for the first time in his life. He does not use tobacco, alcohol or psychoactive substances. He plays football for recreation. He reported severe family history: his father died at age of 36, and two paternal uncles died before their age of 25. At admission, he is conscious, oriented, mildly dyspneic, febrile (39.8˚C); BP 115/70 mmHg. Laboratory: WBC 13.9 x 109/L, neutrophils 85%, CRP 87; urine culture showed Escherichia coli >100.000/ mL. He has been treated with antipyretic/paracetamol, antibiotic according to antibiogramme, and rehydration therapy. The initial ECG showed type 1 Brugada sign: cove ST elevation in V1-3 with negative T waves; RBBB (Figure 1). After a 12 hours of hospitalization, the ECG showed type 2 Brugada sign: saddle-shaped elevation of ST-segment and J point in V2 (Figure 2). After 24 hours of hospitalization, the ECG showed type 3 Brugada sign (Figure 3). At discharge 7 days later, type 1 Brugada sign develops again – a cove ST elevation in V1-2 and a saddle ST elevation in V3 (Figure 4). Ajmaline test has been performed according to protocol. During administration of a maximum dose of 70 mg, a >2 mm ST elevation was detected in V2-3, making the test positive. Electrophysiological study involved right femo-ral vein access with quadripolar catheter to the right ventricle. Programmed stimulation did not induce ventricular tachycardia/ fibrillation. The patient was not indicated for ICD for prevention of sudden cardiac death. Conclusion: Family history and electrocardiography are the cornerstones of diagnosis of Brugada syndrome even today. Hyperthermia helped damask typical type 1 Brugada sign that showed dynamic changes. Our patient did not meet the criteria for implantation of ICD device

Polyphenolic Characterisation of Vranac, Kratosija and Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L. cv.) Grapes and Wines from Different Vineyard Locations in Montenegro

In Montenegro, red wines are produced predominantly, and Vranac accounts for nearly 80% of thesewines, followed by Kratosija and Cabernet Sauvignon. In order to characterise polyphenols in red varieties,grapes were sampled from representative vineyards at harvest time during 2011 and 2012. The contentand distribution of extractable anthocyanins, low-molecular mass proanthocyanidins (LMP) and highmolecularmass proanthocyanidins (HMP) in the seeds and skins of the grape berries were evaluated byapplying a five-day extraction method using ethanol:water (12:88) as extraction solvent. On average, thehighest content of LMP (2 006 and 1 690 mg/kg of grape fresh mass in years 2011 and 2012 respectively),HMP (2 705 and 2 805 mg/kg in years 2011 and 2012 respectively) and anthocyanins (1 035 mg/kg in theyear 2011) was found in the Cabernet Sauvignon grapes. The highest content of anthocyanins (1 113 mg/kgin the year 2012) and the lowest content of LMP (1 103 and 846 mg/kg in years 2011 and 2012 respectively)was found in Vranac grapes. Kratosija grapes had the lowest anthocyanin content (456 and 517 mg/kg inyears 2011 and 2012 respectively), and levels of LMP were similar to Vranac. The percentage distributionsof LMP between skins and seeds were 34:66, 39:61 and 49:51, whereas the distributions of HMP betweenskins and seeds were 67:33, 62:38 and 64:36 for Vranac, Kratosija and Cabernet Sauvignon respectively.All varieties had more LMP in the seeds and more HMP in the skins of the grapes. The results obtained areimportant to better understand the polyphenolic potential of Montenegrin red grape varieties