Perception of the residents of Antonio Pereira, district of Ouro Preto - MG, about environment, sanitation and local environmental assets.

O distrito de Ant?nio Pereira, pertencente ao munic?pio de Ouro Preto/MG, possui significativas riquezas ambientais. Por outro lado, o distrito enfrenta dificuldades causadas por defici?ncias na infraestrutura urbana, no sistema de saneamento b?sico e outros problemas que t?m trazido desconforto para a popula??o. Este trabalho levantou dados sobre a percep??o da popula??o local acerca da situa??o ambiental do distrito. Para tanto, foram realizadas 178 entrevistas com moradores por meio de question?rios. Mediante resultados, constatou-se que, no tocante ?s quest?es gerais de meio ambiente, houve reconhecimento, por parte da popula??o, das riquezas ambientais existentes no distrito, sendo as mais indicadas o min?rio de ferro, as cachoeiras e o antigo garimpo de top?zio imperial. De um modo geral, percebeu-se a necessidade de que sejam realizados mais estudos sobre as tem?ticas apontadas no presente artigo e tamb?m em outras ?reas do conhecimento, tais como sa?de e educa??o.The district of Ant?nio Pereira, belonging to the city of Ouro Preto (MG), has significant environmental riches. On the other hand, it faces difficulties caused by deficiencies in the urban infrastructure, in the sanitation system and in the environment, that have brought discomfort to the population. This paper collected data on the perception of the local population about the environmental situation of the district. Therefore, 178 interviews were realized with residents out through questionnaires. Through the results, it was verified that, regarding the general environmental issues, there was recognition of the district's environmental wealths, with the most indicated being iron ore, the waterfalls and the former gold mining of imperial topaz. The greatest problems identified by the residents of Ant?nio Pereira were the deficiencies in health in the first place, the performance of politicians, the problems associated to education and the environmental degradation. Among the main environmental problems mentioned are uncontrolled fires, the pollution of rivers and of other sources of fresh water and lack of basic sanitation, respectively. The main responsible for causing the environmental problems in the district, according to the residents, are the individuals who live there, followed by the large local miners and the Ouro Preto City Hall. In general, it was noticed that the residents of Ant?nio Pereira demonstrated a favorable perception to the preservation of the local environment and its responsibilities

Contribui??es dos estudos de dam break ?s a??es da Defesa Civil.

Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Engenharia Ambiental. N?cleo de Pesquisas e P?s-Gradua??o em Recursos H?dricos, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto.Barragens s?o estruturas civis complexas do ponto de vista de seguran?a. Falhas nessas estruturas podem se transformar em uma situa??o de emerg?ncia. O Plano de A??o Emergencial (PAE) ? um documento oficial que identifica poss?veis condi??es de emerg?ncia em uma barragem e as a??es a serem adotadas para prevenir e minimizar poss?veis danos em situa??o emergencial. Um item primordial do PAE ? o Estudo de Inunda??o (dam break), o qual prev? por meio modelos computacionais ?reas atingidas em um evento de ruptura. O conhecimento dessas ?reas permite que a Defesa Civil prepare e colabore com a popula??o sob risco, assegurando sua integridade em caso concreto de rompimento. Isto posto, esta pesquisa se prop?s a estudar o conte?do do estudo de dam break de barragens de alto dano potencial do Quadril?tero Ferr?fero (QF) e a percep??o de agentes da Defesa Civil municipal no planejamento e gest?o de a??es emergenciais. Para tanto, foram visitadas 19 Coordenadorias de Defesa Civil Municipal (COMPDEC) da regi?o do QF. Nas visitas foram requisitadas c?pias dos PAEs (para an?lise dos dam break) e aplicados question?rios estruturados para an?lise da percep??o dos agentes daquelas ag?ncias. Verificou-se que todos os dam break apresentam os itens: estudos hidrol?gicos, defini??o do modo de falha e hidrograma de ruptura, e propaga??o e mapeamento da onda de ruptura no vale a jusante da barragem. Um aspecto positivo dos estudos foi a utiliza??o de malhas topogr?ficas precisas para constru??o do modelo, o que garante maior precis?o na delimita??o da mancha de inunda??o. Apesar disso, os estudos apresentaram defici?ncias como falta de informa??es de metodologia e da abordagem dos rejeitos como flu?do n?o-newtonianos, sendo que a primeira dificulta a avalia??o do estudo e a ?ltima interfere diretamente na defini??o de extens?o da mancha de inunda??o e na previs?o de danos em eventual vazamento de rejeitos. A an?lise de percep??o dos agentes de Defesa Civil, mostrou que estes entendem a import?ncia do PAE e do dam break em sua atua??o na prepara??o ? situa??o de emerg?ncias. Mostrou tamb?m que algumas Defesas Civis do QF dependem das empresas para obten??o de informa??o das barragens e para o planejamento e execu??o dos exerc?cios simulados. Apesar disso, de forma geral as Defesas Civis municipais t?m se mostrado protagonistas na prepara??o a emerg?ncias, principalmente ap?s os ?ltimos desastres com barragens de rejeitos em Minas Gerais. Por fim, este estudo mostrou como a integra??o entre a teoria (estudos de dam break) e a pr?tica (atua??o das Defesas Civis) ? fundamental na preven??o e prepara??o em situa??es emergenciais com barragens de rejeito de minera??o.Dams are complexes civil structures from a security point of view. Failures in these structures can become an emergency. The Emergency Action Plan (EAP) is an official document that identifies possible emergency conditions in a dam and the actions to be taken in order to prevent and minimize possible damage in an emergency. A primary item of the EAP is the Inundation Study (dam break), which forecasts through computational model areas affected in a rupture event. The previous knowledge of these areas allows the Civil Defense to prepare and collaborate with the population at risk, ensuring their integrity given the event of a disruption. That being said, this research aimed to study the content of the dam break study of high potential damage dams in the Quadril?tero Ferr?fero (QF) and the perception of municipal Civil Defense agents in the planning and management of emergency actions. To this end, 19 Municipal Civil Defense Coordinators (COMPDEC) of the QF region were visited. During visits, copies of EAPs were requested (for dam break analysis) and structured questionnaires were applied to analyze the perception of agents at those agencies. It was found that all dam breaks have the following items: hydrological studies, the definition of the failure mode and rupture hydrograph, and propagation and mapping of the rupture wave in the valley downstream of the dam. A positive aspect of the study was the use of precise topographic meshes for the model?s construction, which guarantees greater precision in the delimitation of the flooded spot. In spite of this, the studies revealed deficiencies such as lack of information on methodology and on the approach of tailings as non-Newtonian fluid, the former hindering the evaluation of the study and the latter directly interfering the definition of the extension of the flood spot and in the forecast of damage in the eventual leakage of tailings. The perception analysis of the Civil Defense agents showed that they understand the importance of the PAE and the dam break in their performance in the preparation for the emergency. It also showed that some QF?s Civil Defenses depend on companies to obtain information on dams and to plan and execute the simulated exercises. Despite this, in general, the municipal Civil Defenses have shown themselves to be protagonists in emergency preparedness, mainly after the last disasters with tailings dams in Minas Gerais. Finally, this study showed how the integration between theory (dam break studies) and practice (performance of Civil Defenses) is fundamental in the prevention and preparation in emergency with mining tailings dams

Percepção ambiental dos moradores do distrito de Antônio Pereira, Ouro Preto/MG, sobre meio ambiente, saneamento básico e riquezas ambientais locais

O distrito de Antônio Pereira, pertencente ao município de Ouro Preto/MG, possui significativas riquezas ambientais. Por outro lado, o distrito enfrenta dificuldades causadas por deficiências na infraestrutura urbana, no sistema de saneamento básico e outros problemas que têm trazido desconforto para a população. Este trabalho levantou dados sobre a percepção da população local acerca da situação ambiental do distrito. Para tanto, foram realizadas 178 entrevistas com moradores por meio de questionários. Mediante resultados, constatou-se que, no tocante às questões gerais de meio ambiente, houve reconhecimento, por parte da população, das riquezas ambientais existentes no distrito, sendo as mais indicadas o minério de ferro, as cachoeiras e o antigo garimpo de topázio imperial. De um modo geral, percebeu-se a necessidade de que sejam realizados mais estudos sobre as temáticas apontadas no presente artigo e também em outras áreas do conhecimento, tais como saúde e educação

Determination of the spatial susceptibility to Yellow Fever using a multicriteria analysis

BACKGROUND The outbreak of sylvatic Yellow Fever (SYF) in humans during 2016-2017 in Brazil is one of the greatest in the history of the disease. The occurrence of the disease in areas with low vaccination coverage favoured the dissemination of the disease; therefore, it is necessary to identify the areas vulnerability to the YF virus (YFV) to assist in the adoption of preventive measures. OBJECTIVE To correlate the physical-environmental elements associated with the occurrence of SYF in humans via a multicriteria analysis. METHODS For the multicriteria analysis, preponderant elements related to SYF occurrences, including soil usage and coverage, temperature, precipitation, altitude, mosquito transmitters, and non-human primate occurrence areas, were considered. The results were validated by assessing the correlation between the incidence of SYF and the vulnerable areas identified in the multicriteria analysis. RESULTS Two regions with different vulnerability to the occurrence of the disease were identified in the multicriteria analysis, with emphasis on the southern areas of the state of São Paulo northeast areas of Minas Gerais, and the entire states of Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo. The map of SYF vulnerability obtained in the multicriteria analysis coincides with the areas in which cases of the disease have been recorded. The regions that presented the greatest suitability were in fact the municipalities with the highest incidence. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The multicriteria analysis revealed that the elements that were used are suited for and consistent in the prediction of the areas that are vulnerable to SYF. The results obtained indicate the proximity of the areas that are most vulnerable to the disease to densely populated areas where an Aedes aegypti infestation was observed, which confers a high risk of re-urbanisation of YF