Spin Model for Inverse Melting and Inverse Glass Transition

A spin model that displays inverse melting and inverse glass transition is presented and analyzed. Strong degeneracy of the interacting states of an individual spin leads to entropic preference of the "ferromagnetic" phase, while lower energy associated with the non-interacting states yields a "paramagnetic" phase as temperature decreases. An infinite range model is solved analytically for constant paramagnetic exchange interaction, while for its random exchange, analogous results based on the replica symmetric solution are presented. The qualitative features of this model are shown to resemble a large class of inverse melting phenomena. First and second order transition regimes are identified

Sprinkler Irrigation Development on the Snake River Plain

Sprinkler systems are applying water to agricultural lands once thought to be too far removed in elevation from any source of water on the Snake River Plain of Idaho. Sprinkler development in the area began about 1950 and will continue as long as there is water in the Snake River for agricultural development. Most early systems required the water to be lifted from 100 to 200 feet. By 1960 the total pumping heads on systems were 400 to 500 feet, and by 1965 systems with pumping lifts of 750 feet were being installed

Thermoplastic Pipe (Chapter IV)

Pipelines for conducting water are one of the fundamental componnents of sprinkler irrigation systems. The materials used in the manufacture of irrigation pipe listed in Chapter II are steel, asbestos-cement, aluminum, and plastic. Plastic is the newest material being used and information on its capabilities and limitations is necessary for its proper use. Plastic is a man-made organic polymer. There are numerous kinds of plastics, but four major ones are used in pipe manufacture. These are: Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) Polyethylene (PE) Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) Polybutylene (PB) Of these, only poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) and polyethylene (PE) are presently used to any great extent in sprinkler irrigation

Continuously Moving Mechanical Sprinkler Systems

Most sprinkler systems apply water while the lateral and sprinkler are stationary. Mechanisation of farm operations as labor costs in- crease, together with the shortage of labor for moving portable laterals and sprinklers, has resulted in improved and increased use of continuously moving mechanical sprinkler systems. These systems are characterised by laterals and sprinklers that remain connected to the main pipeline, but continuously move while applying water. The three major types of continuously moving sprinkler systems are: 1. Circular center-pivot. 2. Straight moving lateral. and 3. Travelers. Chapter II, pages 20-23, gives additional information on these systems. The stationary sprinkler systems apply water at a relatively constant hourly rate, while the moving system's application rates begin at zero, increase to a maximum, and then decrease to zero again as the moving system passes over a location. Figure II-1 shows a possible application rate curve for a continuously moving system

Sprinkler Irrigation Development on the Snake River Plain

Sprinkler systems are applying water to agricultural lands once thought to be too far removed in elevation from any source of water on the Snake River Plain of Idaho. Sprinkler development in the area began about 1950 and will continue as long as there is water in the Snake River for agricultural development. Most early systems required the water to be lifted from 100 to 200 feet. By 1960 the total pumping heads on systems were 400 to 500 feet, and by 1965 systems with pumping lifts of 750 feet were being installed