Carrow, R. N.

Keen, R. A.

Leuthold, Larry D.

Pair, John C.

Vanderlip, R. L.

Kansas State University

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports Volume 0 Issue 12 Keeping up with Research Article 89 1978 Perennial Ryegrasses for Turf R. N. Carrow John C. Pair Larry D. Leuthold See next page for additional authors This report is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. Copyright 1978 Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. Contents of this publication may be freely reproduced for educational purposes. All other rights reserved. Brand names appearing in this publication are for product identification purposes only. No endorsement is intended, nor is criticism implied of similar products not mentioned. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Follow this and additional works at: https://newprairiepress.org/kaesrr Recommended Citation Carrow, R. N.; Pair, John C.; Leuthold, Larry D.; Keen, R. A.; and Vanderlip, R. L. (1978) "Perennial Ryegrasses for Turf," Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: Vol. 0: Iss. 12. https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7326 Perennial Ryegrasses for Turf Keywords Keeping up with research; 41 (Oct. 1978); Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station contribution; no. 78-423-s; Perennial ryegrass; Ryegrass; Turf Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Authors R. N. Carrow, John C. Pair, Larry D. Leuthold, R. A. Keen, and R. L. Vanderlip This research report is available in Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports: https://newprairiepress.org/kaesrr/vol0/iss12/89 September 1981 PERENNIAL RYEGRASSES FOR TURF R.N. Carrow, J .C. Pair, L.D. Leuthold, and R.A. Keen 1 Use of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) has increased in Kansas in the past few years. Until the early 1970's the available perennial ryegrass culti-vars were not well adapted for fine turf. Turfgrass breeders have now developed cultivars with im-proved shoot density, mowing ease, finer leaf tex-ture, slower shoot growth rate, and tolerances to heat, cold, and drought stresses. Currently improved cultivars of perennial rye-grasses are recommended for these fine turf uses: quick cover when the turf is lost from an injury; periodic overseeding of athletic fields and golf course tees during the playing season so long as the ryegrass is not the dominant species; and in seed mixtures with Kentucky bluegrass to promote rapid establishment. If the perennial ryegrass is for tem-porary cover only, then nonturf types may be used. Perennial ryegrasses are not recommended for use alone, because, when injured, they have poor recuperative potential. Also, they commonly dete-riorate from brown patch, Pythium, Helminthospo-rium leaf spot, snow molds, high temperature, and drought injuries. . 'Research Horticult urist, Research Horticulturist. Extension Horticultur-ist, and Research Horticulturist, respectively. This publication from Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service has been archived. Current information: http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.Agricultura l Experi.ment Statio n Ka nsas State University Manhattan 66506 lm#i+Jij Keeping Up With Research 52 . September1981 · ~ Publoca loons and publoc meetongs by the Kansas V'A.~ A ,-... o\ f"• ; . r. , ' r .. ..... t:'ril"" ·- - · This publication from Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service has been archived. Current information: http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.. I I I I ! ' ,I Cultivars we re evaluated at two Kansas sites: the Horticulture Research Center in W ichit a (USDA ha rdiness zone 6 with a fine sandy loam soil pH 6.5-6.8), and the Rocky Fo rd Researc h Area a t Manhat-ta n (zone 5 w ith a silty c lay loam of p H 7.1-7.4). Wichita tria/1973 to 1978. Six c ul t iva rs were e va luated unde r medium to high m a inte na nce. Fer-tilization was 4.0 lbs N/1000 sq ft pe r year. Clip-pings were returned afte r mowing at 2.5 in c hes, and irrigation was to prevent excessive drought stress. Pennturf had t he best q ual ity, but none o f the six c ultivars consis te ntly exhib ited an a cceptable v i-sua l quality of 6.5 expected of a high mainte na nce turf (Table 1 ). Q uality ratings of all ryegrasses were substantiall y reduced by the hot, dry 1978 growing conditions . Table 1 . Visua l qual ity a nd disease ra t ings fo r perennial ryegrass va riet ies, Wich ita, 1973 to 1978. Visual qu a litya 6-year Disease Cul t ivar 1977 1978 Average ratingsb Pe nnturf 7.5 5.0 6.2 Pennfine 6.5 3.5 5.9 Manhattan 6.2 4.3 5.7 R Lynn 6.0 7.0 5.6 Sceempter 4.5 5.0 5.1 DS,L Common 4.3 3.5 4.8 DS,R a v isual quality ra ting: 9 = ideal turf, 6.5 = acceptable. 1 = no live turf. Based on density, colo r, uniform ity. bModera te to severe disease infection was observed for the diseases listed. DS = dollar spot, L = leaf spot. R = stem rust. Manhattan tria/1 971 to 1976. In 1971 nine cultivars were esta bli shed under a mowing height of 2.0 inches with c lippings returned . Nitroge n was a p plied at 3.0 lbs N/1000 sq ft per year a nd exces-s ive st ress was avoided by irrigat ion. Pennfine a nd Pennturf had very good qua lity turf; Pelo, Manhattan, and NK-100, accepta ble quality (Table 2). Early spring greenup was best fo r Pennfine. Manhattan tria/1 977 to 1980. Eighteen peren-nial rv•'grass c ultivars were seeded in t he fall ;:'~ 19' This publication from Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service has been archived. Current information: http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.Table 2. Visual quality ratings and spring greenup for perennial ryegrass varieties. Manhattan, 1971 t o 1976. Spring Visual qualitya greenup Cultivarb 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 Ave. 3/72 Penn fine 8.0 8.5 8.0 8.5 8.1 6.4 7.9 8.0 Pennturf 8.0 7.9 8.5 8.0 7.3 6.4 7.7 7.5 Pelo 7.3 7.6 6.5 7.5 5.8 5.8 6.8 7.5 Manhattan 7.3 5.0 5.5 7.0 6.6 6.6 NK-100 7.1 6.4 6.0 6.0 6.4 7.3 6.5 6.5 Lynn 7.0 7.3 5.0 6.0 5.4 5.7 6.1 7.5 Sceempter 6.8 7.1 5.5 5.5 5:4 6.2 6.1 7.0 Barenza 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.9 5.6 5.8 Common 7.3 7.5 5.5 5.0 5.3 4.1 5.8 7.0 •Visua l q uality rating: 9 == ideal turf. &.5 == acceptable, 1 == no live turf. !lased on·density, color, unifo rm ity. bcultiva rs mowed a t 2.0 inches. year with irrigation as needed to avoid excessive stress. Cutting heights were 1.0 inch (for gol f course lees, athletic fields) and 2.0 inches (for home fawns) with dippings returned. At the 1.0-inch mowing height, performance was outstanding for Citation and Diplomat. Derby, •Yorktown, Manhattan, and Pennfine did very well (Table 3). When maintained at 2.0 inches, Citat ion, Derby, Diplomat, and Yorktown were outstanding (Table 4). Manhattan and Pennfine exhibited very good quality. Only brown patch (Rhizoctonia so/ani) and leaf spot (Helminthosporium spp.) caused serious disease problems. Tolbert and Wendy had t he greatest brown patch infection (Table 5). All cul-tivars except Derby and Regal exhibited at least moderate leaf spot infection. Most susceptible were Pennfine and K0-12. Mowing quality is of particular concern for perennial ryegrasses. The tough, fibrous veins often result in a ragged cut that reduces the stand's vi-sual quality. These cultivars had good mowing qualities: Regal, Diplomat, Manhattan, Yorktown, K0-15, Epic(Table 5). SUMMARY Perennial ryegrass cu ltivars varied widely in performance. Cultivars with outstanding visual qua lity were Citation and Diplomat. Derby, York-town, Manhattan. and Pennfine performed very Table 3. Quality ratings for perenn ial ryegrass vari-eties. M anhattan, 1977 to 1980. Cultivarb Citation Derby Diplomat Yorktown Manhattan Penn fine Regal Springfield K0-15 Wendy Epic K0-12 K0-13 Pelo NK-200 Angela Tolbert Cropper Qual ity r at inga 1980 1979 1978 1977 4-yeal Ave. Ave. Ave. Ave. Ave. 7.6 8.1 7.2 7.9 7.4 8.2 7.6 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.3 7.8 6.9 7.7 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.9 7.0 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.4 6.6 6.9 6.5 7.1 6.6 6.2 6.5 6.7 6.2 6.5 6.7 6.4 5.9 8.0 .8.1 7.7 8.1 7.9 8.0 7.8 7.6 7.1 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.3 6.5 6.5 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.4 6.3 6.3 5.8 6.1 7.2 6.3 6.1 6.3 6.6 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.3 6.4 5.8 5.6 6.2 8.0 7.7 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.1 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.4 6.6 6.4 6.6 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.0 3 Visual quality ra ting: 9 == ideal turf, &.5 = acceptable, 1 = no live turf - ~ "' (;i t v r "' ' · "" '" ·· .,; f.-.~ ... · ' • This publication from Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service has been archived. Current information: http://www.ksre.ksu.edu.

Perennial Ryegrasses for Turf (1981)

https://newprairiepress.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7326&amp;context=kaesrr

Perennial Ryegrasses for Turf

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Kansas State University