Fabrication of transparent conducting amorphous Zn–Sn–In–O thin films by direct current magnetron sputtering

Amorphous ZnO–SnO2–In2O3 films were grown by direct current magnetron sputtering from vacuum hot pressed ceramic oxide targets of Zn:In:Sn cation ratios 1:2:1 and 1:2:1.5 onto glass substrates. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the microstructure remained amorphous during annealing at 200 °C for up to 5 hours. By monitoring the electrical resistivity, oxygen content and substrate temperature were optimized during deposition. The optimal films were characterized by Hall Effect, work function and optical spectroscopy measurements. Films of 1:2:1 composition showed the lowest resistivity (7.6×10−4 Ω-cm), when deposited onto substrates preheated to 300 °C. Transmissivity of all films exceeded 80% in the visible spectral region. The energy gap was 3.52–3.74 eV, and the work function ranged 5.08–5.22 eV, suitable for cathode applications in organic light emitting diodes. Overall, the film characteristics were comparable or superior to those of amorphous tin-doped indium oxide and zinc-doped indium oxide films and may serve as viable, lower-cost alternatives

History of Mt. Hope Cemetery, Bangor, Maine

Preface Coeval with the existence of Bangor as a City in 1834, or about that time, the prevailing sentiment of its citizens strongly favored the selection of new cemetery grounds for the burial of its dead. This sentiment having been successful in the establishment of Mt. Hope Cemetery as the result, many thousands of its citizens have since found there a resting place for their bodies, including the largest portion of those then alive, besides thousands of others since born or otherwise become inhabitants of the city. The history of the Cemetery has thus become one of great interest to the people generally, and the duty would seem to be imposed upon some one to see that the work of compiling such history should be performed, not only for the present inhabitants, but for those who may succeed the present during the long ages of the future. The undersigned having been one of the very few, now alive, who were present at the dedication of the Cemetery, and for a half century since having been continuously entrusted, as Treasurer, with the collection and disbursement of its funds, and having had a prominent part to perform in the purchase of its premises and in the sale and conveyances of its very numerous lots, which have, during all such half century, been disposed of to citizens and others, the work thus alluded to would seem to be very appropriately chargeable to him. Freely accepting the call, he respectfully submits the following report. Albert W. Painehttps://digicom.bpl.lib.me.us/books_pubs/1094/thumbnail.jp

Evaluation of Contamination and Remediation Manvel Saltwater Disposal Site Brazoria County, Texas

The Manvel Saltwater Disposal (SWD) site (RRC Site No. 92-03-00003), which lies within the city limits of Manvel, Texas, in Brazoria County, was investigated by the Bureau of Economic Geology during a 5-month study from July through November 2015. The study included hydrogeological investigation, waste characterization, assessment of environmental impact, and evaluation of remediation options. Saltwater, drilling waste, and crude oil have been disposed of at the site. There have been several instances of pit overflow, levee rupture, or both, resulting in contamination of the surrounding area by saltwater and crude oil. There have been several public complaints to regulatory agencies, centered on the perceived threat to groundwater quality. The site lies in the outcrop of the Beaumont Formation, where the formation is sufficiently thick to be a local aquifer, containing freshwater with chlorinities of less than 100 mg/L. The Beaumont lies above and is hydrologically distinct from the main water-yielding part of the Chicot aquifer.Bureau of Economic Geolog

Product development within the framework of a National Casting Technology Centre

Published ArticleThe need for a state of the art advanced National Casting Technology Centre (NCTC) has been widely supported throughout industry and recognised as an important facilitator in the growth of the foundry industry. This initiative also aligns itself with the government's Advanced Manufacturing Technology Strategy (AMTS), which is an implementation strategy in support of the South African government's Integrated Manufacturing Strategy (IMS) and National R&D Strategy (NRDS). The AMTS aims at supporting and developing the downstream high technology manufacturing industry, inter alia through the aerospace, automotive and metals sectors. In light of the above and in an effort to retain and expand the current national skills, expertise and facilities in advanced casting technologies, the National Product Development Centre at the CSIR has initiated a process of establishing a National Casting Technology Centre (NCTC). The establishment of the NCTC provides a supportive technology platform for the Advanced Metals Initiative (AMI), which was launched in 2003. The primary objective of the NCTC is to preserve and expand the national expertise and capabilities in cast metals manufacturing by supporting the local casting industry with process development, technology transfer and skills enhancement in order to increase their global competitiveness

The effects of aging on hepatic microsomal scaling factor and hepatocellularity number in the horse

Scaling factor values for the in vitro-in vivo extrapolation of hepatic metabolic clearance for xenobiotics have not yet been determined in horses. Scaling factors were determined by comparing the total protein and or CYP P450 content in microsomes and cryopreserved hepatocytes against the content in the liver. Microsomal protein per gram of liver (MPPGL) and hepatocellularity number per gram of liver (HPGL) using CYP P450 content method ranged 41 - 73 mg/gram of liver (mean= 57 mg/gram of liver, n=39) and 146 - 320 × 106 cells/g of liver (mean = 227× 106 cells/g of liver, n=18), respectively; and 156 - 352 × 106 cells/g of liver (mean = 232× 106 cells/g of liver) using total protein method. A non-monotonic and inverse relationship between age and MPPGL and HPGL, respectively, was observed. Between 1 and 20 years of age the liver cell size decreases as age increases. Subsequently, the cell size increases until the hepatocytes of the oldest horses approached the size found in the youngest horses. Hepatocyte density was inversely related to the size of the hepatocytes. This study provides the first extensive and comprehensive data demonstrating the relationship between the size of hepatocytes and HPGL in any species

Hydrogeologic Analysis of Contamination and Evaluation of Remediation Alternatives - Fox Vacuum Site, Jasper County, Texas

The Bureau of Economic Geology (BEG) investigated the Fox Vacuum site (RRC Site No. 93-03-0019) in Jasper County, Texas, during a 4-month study from July through October 1995. Historical aerial photos indicate the site was developed between 1958 and 1976. Contamination identified at the start of this study included a sulfuric-acid contamination plume (soil pH of 1 to 4) that had affected the quality of soil water and killed grass across approximately a one-half-acre (2,023-m²) area of an adjacent pasture. The site also was believed to have seven earthen pits, probably containing spent drilling mud. The depth of the acid contamination was unknown. The scope of the BEG study was to determine the source, present extent, and probable fate of the sulfuric acid contamination and to ascertain the volume and contents of the earthen pits. This report presents the results of that study, along with an environmental impact assessment, risk-based evaluation of cost-effective remediation alternatives, and recommendations for RRC action.Bureau of Economic Geolog