2,107 research outputs found
Student-Faculty Partnership as a Foundation for Authentic Learning
To understand the nature of student-faculty partnerships we began to explore the literature on students and educators as pedagogical partners (Cook-Sather, Bovill, & Felten, 2011). What emerged was a strong alignment between our transformational partnership as co-teachers in higher education and how our co-teaching practice has evolved to influence our relationships with students. Reflecting on our co-teaching practice has created a space for us to cross the threshold and embrace ‘radical collegiality’ (Fielding, 1999); not only through engaging as full faculty partners but transforming our thinking about the nature of partnership with students (Bovill, Cook-Sather, & Felten, 2011; Cook-Sather, 2014). Students became active partners in pedagogical planning surrounding a teaching philosophy assignment which revealed students’ understanding of the significance of authentic partnership. Understanding the education process as a partnership between students and educators compels us to continue fostering a brave space for both students and ourselves to risk and engage in courageous change, growth, and learning (Cook-Sather, 2016).Â
Strategic Planning: Plan-to-Plan Final Report
In January 2007, a group of USD graduate students in Nonprofit Leadership and Management, selected a San Diego museum for their applied project. The USD team\u27s purpose was to collect data that would be useful to the museum in its strategic planning process and to provide the client with two products: a Plan-to-Plan and this final report.https://digital.sandiego.edu/npi-bpl-strategicplanning/1003/thumbnail.jp
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Immortal Time Bias With Time-Varying Exposures in Environmental Epidemiology: A Case Study in Lung Cancer Survival.
Immortal time bias is a well-recognized bias in clinical epidemiology but is rarely discussed in environmental epidemiology. Under the target trial framework, this bias is formally conceptualized as a misalignment between the start of study follow-up (time 0) and treatment assignment. This misalignment can occur when attained duration of follow-up is encoded into treatment assignment using minimums, maximums, or averages. The bias can be exacerbated in the presence of time trends commonly found in environmental exposures. Using lung cancer cases from the California Cancer Registry (2000-2010) linked with estimated concentrations of particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), we replicated previous studies that averaged PM2.5 exposure over follow-up in a time-to-event model. We compared this approach with one that ensures alignment between time 0 and treatment assignment, a discrete-time approach. In the former approach, the estimated overall hazard ratio for a 5-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was 1.38 (95% confidence interval: 1.36, 1.40). Under the discrete-time approach, the estimated pooled odds ratio was 0.99 (95% confidence interval: 0.98, 1.00). We conclude that the strong estimated effect in the former approach was likely driven by immortal time bias, due to misalignment at time 0. Our findings highlight the importance of appropriately conceptualizing a time-varying environmental exposure under the target trial framework to avoid introducing preventable systematic errors
Effect of Postural Position and Utensil Use on Stimulated Pill Swallows
The study set out to determine if different postural positions influence the perceived effort of swallowing and sip size taken during simulated pill swallows. The questions driving this analysis were based on the clinical observations and standard nursing practices for medication administration to patients in reclining hospital beds. Nurses state there is no standard oral medication protocol for safe swallowing practices in patients with dysphagia. 22 participants were recruited and instructed to swallow one or two gel capsules at 6 conditions with cup and straw use. Water in grams was measured before and after swallows
Degenerate Oligonucleotide Primed - Polymerase Chain Reaction Evaluation And Optimization To Improve Downstream Forensic STR Analysis Of Low Quality/Low Quantity DNA
When forensic biological samples yield low quality/low quantity DNA, thecurrent STR analysis methods do not generate acceptable profiles. Whole genomeamplification can be used to pre-amplify the entire genome for downstream analyses. A commercially available kit for DOP-PCR, a form of WGA, is currently being used in the clinical for downstream single locus targets. Forensic analyses utilize a multiplex amplification. This study determined that the home brew created by our lab performs the same as the commercially available kit. Future optimization studies of DOP-PCR can utilize this home brew . Additionally, this research determined that a 10 second increase in electrokinetic injection time onto the Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) in combination with a post-STR amplification purification and elution into formamide produces a slightly higher percent STR allele success over the standard protocol. After future optimization studies, this may be a useful method to obtain more accurate and complete STR profiles from low quality/low quantity biological samples
Educational Costs of Gun Violence: Implications for Washington, DC
Research indicates that gun violence and violent crime can negatively affect educational outcomes including test scores, graduation rates, and academic engagement. In this brief, we summarize research on this topic, situate this evidence in the context of the geography of gun violence and educational outcomes in DC, and describe implications for DC communities
Efforts to Reduce Jail Populations in Philadelphia: Implementation Lessons from the Safety and Justice Challenge
Jail incarceration continues to be a main driver of the mass incarceration crisis in the United States and to negatively affect individuals, families, and communities. Racial disparities in local jail populations are significant, particularly to the detriment of Black communities. Involvement in the criminal legal system, even when brief, can have severe consequences, including barriers to sustaining employment and securing stable housing, poor physical and mental health stemming from chronic stress and limited access to adequate health care, and disruptions to family relationships and social support networks.To address these issues, Philadelphia implemented a multipronged reform plan supported by the Safety and Justice Challenge (SJC) to reduce its jail population and associated racial and ethnic disparities. Since 2015, Philadelphia has significantly reduced its jail population through these SJC efforts, which included closing a jail facility, launching a strategy across decision points in the criminal legal system, strengthening collaboration and cross-agency partnerships, launching a formal committee to represent community members' perspectives, and analyzing data to identify racial and ethnic disparities across decision points.This report describes Philadelphia's major SJC strategies, documents how it navigated challenges and advanced tangible reform efforts, and explores the perceived impacts of these strategies on its efforts to engage community members, reduce local jail use, and implement system reforms that advance equity
Recommendations for Practitioners Engaged in Antitrafficking Task Forces: An Evalaution of the Enhanced Collaborative Model Task Forces to Combat Human Trafficking
The Enhanced Collaborative Model (ECM) Task Force to Combat Human Trafficking Program funded task forces comprised of law enforcement officials, prosecutors, victim service providers, and other stakeholders at the local, state, and federal levels. This brief details recommendations from the Urban Institute's 10-site evaluation of ECM task forces across the United States. Recommendations were derived from the findings of our analysis and directly from task force stakeholders' responses to interview questions about task force recommendations and best practices. Respondents summarized recommendations across four categories including structure, operation, and funding of ECM task forces; collaboration among stakeholders; survivor engagement and service provision; and task force training, focus, and activities
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