Space education: Deriving benefits from industrial consortia

As the number of spacefaring nations of the world increases, so does the difficulty of competing in a global economy. The development of high technology products and services for space programs, and the economic exploitation of these technologies for national economic growth, requires professionals versed in both technical and commercial aspects of space. Meeting this requirement academically presents two challenges. On the technical side, enrollment in science and engineering is decreasing in some of the spacefaring nations. From the commerce perspective, very few colleges and universities offer specific courses in space business

Launch system development in the Pacific Rim

Several Western Pacific Rim nations are beginning to challenge the domination of the United States, Europe, and the former Soviet Union in the international market for commercial launch sevices. This paper examines the current development of launch systems in China, Japan, and Australia. China began commercial launch services with their Long March-3 in April 1990, and is making enhancements to vehicles in this family. Japan is developing the H-2 rocket which will be marketed on a commercial basis. In Australia, British Aerospace Ltd. is leading a team conducting a project definition study for an Australian Launch Vehicle, aimed at launching the new generation of satellites into low Earth orbit

Paper Session II-A - Launch System Development in the Pacific Rim

Several Western Pacific Rim nations are beginning to challenge the domination of the United States, Europe, and the former Soviet Union in the international market for commercial launch services. This paper examines the current development of launch systems in China, Japan, and Australia. China began commercial launch services with their Long March-3 in April 1990, and is making enhancements to vehicles in this family. Japan is developing the H-2 rocket which will be marketed on a commercial basis. In Australia, British Aerospace Ltd. is leading a team conducting a project definition study for an Australian Launch Vehicle, aimed at launching the new generation of satellites into low Earth orbit

Paper Session III-B - Space Education- Deriving Benefits from Industrial Consortia

As the number of spacefaring nations of the world increases, so does the difficulty of competing in a global economy. The development of high technology products and services for space programs, and the economic exploitation of these technologies for national economic growth, requires professionals versed in both technical and commercial aspects of space. Meeting this requirement academically presents two challenges. On the technical side, enrollment in science and engineering is decreasing in some of the spacefaring nations. From the commerce perspective, very few colleges and universities offer specific courses in space business. The United States and Australia have each established programs targeted towards developing strong linkages between their universities, businesses, and space programs. The U.S. Centers for the Commercial Development of Space and the Australian Space Industry Development Centres are consortia composed primarily of universities and companies seeking to identify and exploit potentially commercially significant space-based technologies. Australia\u27s Cooperative Research Centres, which are not limited to space research, include Centre\u27s with a space interest. This paper describes each country\u27s industry consortia program and discusses the resulting benefits to space education

The kinetics and mechanisms of some reactions of cobalt (III) bis (ethylenediamine) complexes

A recent report on the base hydrolysis of trans [Co(en)2(OH)Cl]+ has questioned the interpretation of earlier work and presented a new mechanism from which it may be predicted that exchange should occur between free chloride ions and the complex. A re-examination 36 of this reaction using Cl has shown that little or no exchange occurs even after considerable reaction time. The isomerisation of the [Co(en)2(OH)2]+ cation has been studied in highly basic media. The results are explained in terms of an intramolecular process, with the complex 'twisting1 about four imaginary C3 axes. The isomerisation of [Co(en)2(OG2)2]3+ in dilute and concentrated acid appears to proceed through a trigonal bipyramidal intermediate. In concentrated acid the isomerisation rate is greatly increased compared with that found in dilute acid solution. This increase is discussed in terms of the greater attraction of the protons to the coordinated water ligands, weakening the cobalt-oxygen bond and increasing the rate of formation of the reactive intermediate. The activation enthalpies in dilute and concentrated acid reflect this lowering of the energy required to form the intermediate, -1 being 28.0 and 25.5 kcal.mole respectively. The racemisation of the optically active cis[Co(en)2(0H2)2]3+ in dilute acid, appears to proceed via the cis to trans isomerisation, since the rate is similar to the rate of isomerisation. The enthalpies of activation for the two reactions are almost identical being 29.4 kcal.mole-1 for the two reactions are almost identical being 29.4 lcal.mole-1 for isomerisation and 29.2 kcal.mole for racemisation. In the isomerisation of the [Co(en)2(OH2)NCS]2+, the disproportionate increases in the rate with increasing acid concentration are found at > 6M HClO4. This lower acid concentration value is thought to be due to the orientation of water molecules around the thiocyanato ligand. Preliminary studies of the equilibria in the reactions between [Co(en)2S03(0H2)] + and Cl-, Br-, and NCS- ions have shown that the equilibrium constants are approximately in the order predicted by the theory of hard and soft acids and bases.<p

The speaking vocabulary of kindergarten, grade I, grade II, and grade III

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Increased Frequency of the MZ Phenotype of Alpha-l-Protease Inhibitor in Juvenile Chronic Polyarthritis

Pi phenotypes of alpha-1-protease inhibitor were determined by isoelectric focusing and print immunofixation in 96 English children suffering from juvenile chronic polyarthritis. A significantly increased frequency of the MZ phenotype (10.41%) was found in comparison with a geographically matched control population (1.6%). The results of this study suggest that the possession of a Z-deficient allele of alpha-l-protease inhibitor could be a predisposing, aggravating, or perpetuating factor in the articular damage occurring in juvenile chronic polyarthritis

Pharmacology of Heparin and Related Drugs: An Update

Heparin has been used extensively as an antithrombotic and anticoagulant for close to 100 years. This anticoagulant activity is attributed to the pentasaccharide sequence which potentiates the inhibitory action of antithrombin, a major inhibitor of the coagulation cascade. More recently it has been determined that heparin also has antithrombotic action through interference of the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps which have been determined to play a role in thrombosis. This demonstrated a well-known observation that heparin, given it is a highly negatively charged polysaccharide, interacts with a broad range of biomolecules demonstrating attenuating effect. Since our previous review, there has been an increased interest in these non-anticoagulant effects of heparin, with the beneficial role in patients infected with sars2-coronavirus a highly topical example. This article provides an update on our previous review with more recent developments and observations made for these novel uses of heparin and an overview of the development status of heparin-based drugs. Significance Statement This state of the art review covers recent developments in the use of heparin and heparin-like materials as anticoagulant, now including immuno-thrombosis observations, and as non-anticoagulant including a role in the treatment of sars-coronavirus and inflammatory conditions