253 research outputs found

    Le Tonkin, laboratoire de la « pacification » en Indochine ?

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    La France en Indochine doit faire face Ă  un conflit d’un nouveau type. Devant un adversaire qui joint le politique au militaire et qui se donne pour objectif de maĂźtriser les populations, les Ă©tats-majors des forces françaises doivent trouver de nouvelles « recettes » pour assurer la pacification des territoires qu’ils cherchent Ă  contrĂŽler. Le Tonkin peut apparaĂźtre comme un laboratoire car cette rĂ©gion est l’enjeu d’une lutte impitoyable. Les mĂ©thodes du passĂ© ne sont plus d’aucune efficacitĂ© sur un territoire oĂč le ViĂȘt-minh mĂšne  des opĂ©rations de plus en plus offensives. L’EMIFT et le gouvernement vietnamien mettent en place de nouveaux dispositifs. Les groupements administratifs mobiles opĂ©rationnels (GAMO) doivent permettre le rĂ©tablissement rapide de l’administration vietnamienne. Les bataillons lĂ©gers sont conçus Ă  l’image des troupes rĂ©gionales de l’adversaire. Les TDKQ doivent permettre au commandement français de s’affranchir des missions de pacification et donner Ă  l’armĂ©e nationaliste un outil efficace de lutte contre les infiltrations du ViĂȘt-minh. Ces solutions, malgrĂ© un succĂšs rĂ©el des GAMO, arrivent trop tard pour permettre un retournement favorable de la situation politique au Tonkin. Toutefois, ils auront eu le mĂ©rite de montrer que l’armĂ©e française a Ă©tĂ© capable de s’adapter. La solution n’était pas dans la rĂ©utilisation d’anciennes mĂ©thodes de pacification, mais plutĂŽt dans une sorte d’acculturation, pour laquelle l’armĂ©e française s’est inspirĂ©e trĂšs largement de son adversaire.Pacification in Indochina. In Indochina France had to face a new type of conflict. Confronting an enemy who melded together political and military strategies, and whose objective it had set itself was the mastery of the local populations, the staffs of the French forces had to find new “recipes” to pacify the territories they sought to control. Tonkin can be regarded as a test-bed, for the stakes in this region brought about a merciless struggle. The methods of the past proved totally ineffective in a territory where the Vietminh staged operations of an ever more offensive kind. The EMIFT and Vietnamese government set up new deployments. The GAMO’s (Mobile Administrative Operational Groups) were designed to enable the rapid restoration of Vietnamese administration. Light battalions were formed as mirror-images of the Vietminh regional forces. The TDKQ’s were to permit the command to free up French forces from pacification missions and give the nationalist army an effective tool against Vietminh infiltrations. These solutions, despite a real measure of success for the GAMO’s, were too late to permit the political situation in Tonkin to be turned in favour of France. They had the merit, nonetheless, of demonstrating that the French army was able to adapt. The answers did not lie in re-warming old approaches to pacification, but in a kind of cultural assimilation in which the French army drew inspiration very largely from its adversary

    Le Tonkin, laboratoire de la « pacification » en Indochine ?

    Get PDF
    La France en Indochine doit faire face Ă  un conflit d’un nouveau type. Devant un adversaire qui joint le politique au militaire et qui se donne pour objectif de maĂźtriser les populations, les Ă©tats-majors des forces françaises doivent trouver de nouvelles « recettes » pour assurer la pacification des territoires qu’ils cherchent Ă  contrĂŽler. Le Tonkin peut apparaĂźtre comme un laboratoire car cette rĂ©gion est l’enjeu d’une lutte impitoyable. Les mĂ©thodes du passĂ© ne sont plus d’aucune efficacitĂ© sur un territoire oĂč le ViĂȘt-minh mĂšne  des opĂ©rations de plus en plus offensives. L’EMIFT et le gouvernement vietnamien mettent en place de nouveaux dispositifs. Les groupements administratifs mobiles opĂ©rationnels (GAMO) doivent permettre le rĂ©tablissement rapide de l’administration vietnamienne. Les bataillons lĂ©gers sont conçus Ă  l’image des troupes rĂ©gionales de l’adversaire. Les TDKQ doivent permettre au commandement français de s’affranchir des missions de pacification et donner Ă  l’armĂ©e nationaliste un outil efficace de lutte contre les infiltrations du ViĂȘt-minh. Ces solutions, malgrĂ© un succĂšs rĂ©el des GAMO, arrivent trop tard pour permettre un retournement favorable de la situation politique au Tonkin. Toutefois, ils auront eu le mĂ©rite de montrer que l’armĂ©e française a Ă©tĂ© capable de s’adapter. La solution n’était pas dans la rĂ©utilisation d’anciennes mĂ©thodes de pacification, mais plutĂŽt dans une sorte d’acculturation, pour laquelle l’armĂ©e française s’est inspirĂ©e trĂšs largement de son adversaire.Pacification in Indochina. In Indochina France had to face a new type of conflict. Confronting an enemy who melded together political and military strategies, and whose objective it had set itself was the mastery of the local populations, the staffs of the French forces had to find new “recipes” to pacify the territories they sought to control. Tonkin can be regarded as a test-bed, for the stakes in this region brought about a merciless struggle. The methods of the past proved totally ineffective in a territory where the Vietminh staged operations of an ever more offensive kind. The EMIFT and Vietnamese government set up new deployments. The GAMO’s (Mobile Administrative Operational Groups) were designed to enable the rapid restoration of Vietnamese administration. Light battalions were formed as mirror-images of the Vietminh regional forces. The TDKQ’s were to permit the command to free up French forces from pacification missions and give the nationalist army an effective tool against Vietminh infiltrations. These solutions, despite a real measure of success for the GAMO’s, were too late to permit the political situation in Tonkin to be turned in favour of France. They had the merit, nonetheless, of demonstrating that the French army was able to adapt. The answers did not lie in re-warming old approaches to pacification, but in a kind of cultural assimilation in which the French army drew inspiration very largely from its adversary

    Visible And Near Infrared Spectroscopy For PSE-Like Zones Classification At Different Post Mortem Times

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    International audience– The ability of visible and near infrared spectroscopy (VIS-NIRS) to predict PSE-like zone classification was examined on 150 deboned hams at 5 post mortem times (12, 16, 20, 24 and 36 h pm). Four probes were used to investigate the accuracy. Two of our probes were prototypes. Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLSDA) was used to determine the prediction models from spectrums recorded on semimembranosus muscle. Surface probes gave better results than inserted probes. The best probe showed moreover a good accuracy whatever the pm times was when measuring (78 to 86 % good prediction in external validation as the 24 h pm model was used). Its false negative/false positive ratios were favorable at the early pm times (12 to 20 h pm). So an early PSE-like zones prediction is possible using VIS-NIRS. The prototype probe inserted showed good results (82,9% good prediction in external validation) and would deserve additional validation on bone-in hams, as industrials need. Key Words – VIS-NIR spectroscopy, prototype probes, pork meat, PSE-like zones, PLSDA

    Mesure de la perception de la qualité audiovisuelle par analyse conjointe de signaux physiologiques

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    National audienceL'influence de la qualité audiovisuelle (AV) sur l'utilisateur a été étudiée à partir de l'analyse de mesures physiologiques complétant les mesures subjectives habituellement utilisées. Le présent papier propose une méthode d'analyse de ces signaux basée sur l'extraction d'indicateurs et la définition d'un modÚle empirique de détection automatique (par fusion de données hétérogÚnes) des modifications éventuelles de l'activité physiologique en réaction à la présence de dégradations de qualité et plus globalement, à la présentation de stimuli AV. Abstract - The influence of the video quality (AV) assessment was studied upon the basis of physiological measurements in addition to subjectives measurements usually used. In this paper, we propose new indicators extracted from these signals and an empirical method (with heterogenous data fusion) for automatic detection of physiological reaction due to quality degradation or more generally in response of stimuli

    Pulse Rate Analysis in Case of Central Sleep Apnea: A New Algorithm for Cardiac Rate Estimation

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    Annual International Conference of the IEEEInternational audienceThis paper ïŹrst describes the AM-FM demodulation of an arterial pressure signal. Although it is known to be efïŹcient on signals modulated by breathing, we demonstrate that in case of lack of respiratory modulation (central sleep apnea), the AM-FM algorithm doesn't perform well in heart rate extraction. We introduce then a new algorithm based on Singular Spectrum Analysis eigen values which performs better cardiac frequency estimation in this context. The error for cardiac frequency estimation is around 0.2 BPM (Beats Per Minute) versus 5.5 BPM for the AM-FM demodulation. Further experimentations will be performed (with this time both cardiac and respiratory assessments) and will deal with real sleep apnea cases

    Comparison Of Two Methods For Demodulation Of Pulse Signals - Application In Case Of Central Sleep Apnea

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    In the ïŹeld of 24/7 human health monitoring, pervasive computing makes possible the continuous analysis of physiological parameters from an ambulatory device with a great acceptability. This paper presents two methods for obtaining cardiac and respiratory rates from a single arterial pressure signal: AM-FM demodulation and Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA). With the aim to monitor sleep apnea, two simulated central sleep apnea were performed and recorded with Biopac reference system. The results showed a good evaluation of the cardiac rate with Singular Spectrum Analysis and bad results with AM-FM demodulation. For the respiration rate, some other signals were tested with average results for both methods. Further experiments will deal with real sleep apnea cases and algorithm improvements

    Microscopie de fluorescence résolue à 1”m, rapide et faible coût Application à la sécurité alimentaire

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    http://www.univ-st-etienne.fr/opt-diag/National audienceProposal of low cost, submicrometer, and fast fluorescence microscopy Microarray scanners are now reaching submicron details for fast scan speeds on large surfaces such as microscope slides. Reading times depend on the required resolution. However, specific applications in food security tend to bring closer to the source the measurements necessary to decision making. For the development of salmonella and listeria on pig carcasses, the measurements taken directly at slaughter need to be interpreted within less than an hour, so that the decision of meat usage in a fresh/cooking circuit does not have significant economic consequence. We developed a method for marking immediately after impacting carcass, which makes it possible to read fluorescence signals 30 minutes after sampling. However, the sampling method leaves the sample some organic residues, whose irregularities in the thickness and the surface can cause problems in reading and interpretation with conventional scanners. We propose a method of packaging and reading for the automatic counting of salmonella with fast scanning, adapted to the environment of the slaughterhouse. Detection is carried out by a 488nm excitation and a conventional 520 nm fluorescence detection using a photomultiplier. The assembly proposed uses optical fibers. It provides a resolution close to 0.5 ”m, the diffraction limit at 488nm

    Évaluation du stress : application Ă  la dĂ©tection des chutes

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    National audienceThis paper deals with the association of several physiological parameters in order to estimate a stress level that can be use in the detection of falls or the evaluation of fear of falling among elderly people

    Prédiction du rendement technologique des jambons par spectroscopie optique : mise en place et validation en contexte industriel

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    Session 7 - Green & Biophotonique (C7.2)International audiencePrĂ©diction du rendement technologique des jambons par spectroscopie optique : mise en place et validation en contexte industriel Le rendement de fabrication des jambons est un enjeu pour l'industrie agro-alimentaire : une valeur faible de ce rendement dit technologique se traduit par une dĂ©prĂ©ciation de valeur et de qualitĂ© des jambons [1]. Le tri des carcasses pour la rĂ©alisation des jambons cuits supĂ©rieurs s'appuie sur une mesure de pH mais n'est pas optimal en terme de rĂ©sultats, c'est pour cette raison que l'on essaie de lui substituer une mesure par spectromĂštrie. Dans ce but, un projet a Ă©tĂ© mis en place mettant en oeuvre une chaĂźne de mesure complĂšte. Il suppose le design de plusieurs sondes de surface et de pĂ©nĂ©tration (afin d'explorer un site de mesure optimisĂ© en profondeur et orientation), la mise en oeuvre d'un spectromĂštre (gamme visible et proche infra-rouge cf. Figure 1), puis du traitement de spectre par une mĂ©thode d'apprentissage automatique (Partial Least Square PLS cf. [2]), et l'affichage des rĂ©sultats et de leur communication au sein du rĂ©seau informatique de l'industriel abatteur. Figure 1: MatĂ©riel utilisĂ© : sonde de pĂ©nĂ©tration, spectromĂštre ASD Labspec, sonde de surface (connectique SMA) 2. Aspects historiques et objectifs L'utilisation, dans le cadre d'un projet de recherche, d'un spectromĂštre requiĂšre en gĂ©nĂ©ral une phase de collecte des donnĂ©es, suivi d'une phase d'analyse (calibration du modĂšle) de ces donnĂ©es afin de bĂątir un modĂšle de prĂ©diction Ă  l'aide de descripteurs objectifs fournis par ailleurs. Le spectromĂštre est un appareil connectĂ© Ă  un PC et comprenant un logiciel spĂ©cifique en charge de rĂ©aliser les opĂ©rations d'acquisition des spectres. Les spectres collectĂ©s sont en gĂ©nĂ©ral transfĂ©rĂ©s sur un autre ordinateur afin d'y ĂȘtre traitĂ©s par un logiciel dĂ©diĂ© Ă  l'analyse statistique, une exportation des donnĂ©es dans un format exploitable par ce logiciel est souvent nĂ©cessaire. En routine, l'exploitation du modĂšle statistique issue de la calibration permet pour chaque spectre le calcul d'un ou plusieurs paramĂštres pertinents utilisable en tant que critĂšre de sĂ©lection et de tri des jambons analysĂ©s
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