A study of some sulphur-nitrogen compounds

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Towards a concept of Performance Literacy

The development of talent in young athletes is an issue that has been the focus of a considerable volume of research attention globally. The pursuit of international sporting success has been, and remains, a clear goal within national sports policy in many developed countries (de Bosscher, Shibli, Westerbeek, & Bottenburg, 2015). Unfortunately, talent development systems based on instrumental philosophies haven’t necessarily created positive life outcomes for many of the young athletes you have been through those systems. In contrast the concept of physical literacy has long been seen as defining a holistic, positive approach to the development of the child. It’s monist existential approach to pedagogy supports the holistic development of the child through sport rather than focusing on outcomes. However, it remains unclear how the fundamental philosophical approach captured in physical literacy can be translated into talent systems and talent coaching. Currently there seems to be a divide between practice/research focused on physical literacy and practice/research focused on talent development. This paper will report on two complementary strands of practice and research that consider how can we might bridge the gap between the holistic perspective of physical literacy and the instrumental approaches being pursued in talent systems. Drawing from the researchers applied experiences we will consider how sport might better facilitate creating talent environments that develop the whole person as well as the athlete. The paper will present arguments as to why coaching needs to develop the concept of performance literacy to sit alongside the more established concept of physical literacy

Evaluation of Data Transmission at 80MHz and 160MHz Over Backplane, Copper and Optical Links

The bunch clock frequency of the LHC accelerator at CERN is specified as 40.07897 MHz [1]. Most of the LHC experiments will utilize this frequency, its multiples or derivatives as the main frequency of data transmission for their synchronous Trigger and DAQ electronic systems. For example, the triggering system of the Cathode Strip Chamber (CSC) sub-detector at the CMS experiment comprises the onchamber anode and cathode electronics, the off-chamber boards housed in 9U crates mounted on the periphery of the Endcap iron disks, and one Track Finder (TF) crate located in the underground counting room (Fig.1). Due to the significant amount of data from the front end, the trigger patterns are multiplexed and sent from the CSC chambers over copper cables using the LVDS standard at 80 MHz. For the same reason the data patterns transmitted over backplanes in the peripheral and TF crates are also multiplexed and sent at 80MHz using the GTLP standard. Optical links from the peripheral crates to the TF are operated at 80 MHz as well. Finally, the parallel LVDS links to the Global Muon Trigger (GMT) run at 40 MHz

Evaluating Good Practice in Coaching Delivery between Governing Bodies of Sport and County Sports Partnerships UK

Introduction Between October 2011 and October 2012, 15.51 million people engaged in sport at least once per week, an increase of just above the targeted 1% rise from the previous year (Sport England, 2012). Additionally, there are more than 1.1 million people delivering coaching in the UK (North, 2010). Despite the considerable number of people impacted by the work which goes on between County Sport Partnerships (CSPs) and National Governing Bodies (NGBs) of sport, to date there have been no formal investigations into the effective functioning of these collaborations. Successful partnership working has long been considered of vital importance in other areas of sport development (Robson, 2008) with factors such as the pooling of expertise and resources being typically cited as potential benefits of such work. In light of this, the present project seeks: •To establish what impact a successful partnership between CSPs and NGBs should deliver for sports coaching •To determine the enablers for successful partnership working between CSPs and NGBs •To determine the key facilitators of successful partnership working between CSPs and NGBs •To determine the barriers to successful partnership working between CSPs and NGBs •To investigate the extent to which key stakeholders share a common understanding of the partnership and what is required to make the collaboration successful. Methods A standardized online questionnaire targeting nationwide responses from NGBs and CDMs on a range of aspects which have been shown to be critical to partnership working was completed by 36 respondents. In addition, 12 telephone interviews were conducted. Representatives included NGB officers (n = 6) and CDMs (n = 6). Results In total, there were 36 responses to the online questionnaire; 32.4%, (n = 12) from NGBs, 62.2% (n = 23) from CDMs with one ‘other’. These quantitative data revealed that respondents were generally happy with decision making processes, although CDMs perceived their influence to be greater than did their NGB counterparts. Examination of partnership characteristics showed consistent, strong, correlations between communication and four measures of effectiveness including satisfaction (Τ = 0.566) and ownership (Τ = 0.534). The quantitative data revealed a complicated relationship between perceived challenges and benefits. For partners to perceive that ‘there are many more benefits than difficulties’ concerning collaboration working, it is evident that respondents needed to perceive approximately four times as many benefits as costs. The qualitative data revealed that the vast majority of respondents considered the establishment of the ECN as a positive step. In particular, partners perceived the flexibility of the ECN enabled CDMs to provide a needs-led approach to coach development which greatly benefitted the workforce. The interview data also revealed that regular, informal and varied communication strategies are particularly well suited to effective partnership functioning in this area. It is these communication strategies which provide the foundation for the generation of trust and respect between partner agencies. Conclusions Findings demonstrate that CSPs and NGBs are committed to developing high quality coaching through a range of formal and non-formal opportunities. The ECN functions well as a flexible rather than a prescriptive template for CDM-NGB interaction allowing partnership arrangements to take place on a ‘needs-led’ localised basis. Respondent opinion indicates that the ECN should retain its focus on appointing key personnel to specific roles. Most notably, the leadership and management of partnerships is considered to be excellent across the respondent cohort. High quality leadership facilitates high levels of enthusiasm amongst partnership staff and allows a considerable degree of flexibility within the construction of partnerships themselves. As with many partnership-related studies, findings also demonstrate that central to partnership success is good communication. There is a need for CDMs to emphasise the benefits of partnership working in order to build commitment and ownership within NGBs thereby helping to offset the impact of negative barriers and challenges. At times, partner agencies need persuading of the value of partnership working and may be unwilling to invest in such relationships as a consequence of the perceived burdens of collaborative working. Funding remains a core challenge concerning all parties within the partnerships, particularly given the lack of funds available and the short-term nature of related decisions in sport in the UK.   Recommendations •CDMs should ensure that NGBs understand the role of CSPs in coach development by communicating key aims, objectives and functions. The ECN should be used a vehicle for doing this, whether implicitly or explicitly, depending on the situation. •It is important that CDMs continue to embrace the flexibility afforded by the ECN and focus on providing bespoke, local and needs-led coaching support. •It is important that CDMs understand the communication preferences of NGBs so that a range of regular, formal and informal communication strategies can be utilised to maximum effect. •CDMs should continue to demonstrate high levels of reliability and consistency within the context of partnership working in order to secure the trust, commitment and ownership of NGB partners. •CSPs should investigate strategies to increase the longevity of the roles of key partnership personnel. •CDMs should seek to promote and reinforce the benefits of partnership working with NGB officers. •CDMs and NGBs should consider how to maintain their engagement should strategic directions be altered. •CDMs should consider whether their coach development strategy could be tailored to better support the needs of a range of NGBs •Improved communication on behalf of NGBs would assist in the development of emerging collaborative relationships and help maintain clarity of roles and responsibilities for those already established with CDMs. •CDMs should continue to promote the role of CSPs in coaching development, both formally and informally, in order to underpin their relevance across the sporting landscape

Radiation Testing of Electronics for the CMS Endcap Muon System

The electronics used in the data readout and triggering system for the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) particle accelerator at CERN are exposed to high radiation levels. This radiation can cause permanent damage to the electronic circuitry, as well as temporary effects such as data corruption induced by Single Event Upsets. Once the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) accelerator upgrades are completed it will have five times higher instantaneous luminosity than LHC, allowing for detection of rare physics processes, new particles and interactions. Tests have been performed to determine the effects of radiation on the electronic components to be used for the Endcap Muon electronics project currently being designed for installation in the CMS experiment in 2013. During these tests the digital components on the test boards were operating with active data readout while being irradiated with 55 MeV protons. In reactor tests, components were exposed to 30 years equivalent levels of neutron radiation expected at the HL-LHC. The highest total ionizing dose (TID) for the muon system is expected at the inner-most portion of the CMS detector, with 8900 rad over ten years. Our results show that Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components selected for the new electronics will operate reliably in the CMS radiation environment