2 research outputs found

    A pathogen complex between the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium verticillioides results in extreme mortality of the inka nut (Plukenetia volubilis)

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    The combined infection of the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and two Fusarium species led to high plant mortality of inka nut (Plukenetia volubilis) seedlings in pots after 80 days growth in two independent inoculation experiments. Inoculation of M. incognita juveniles and conidia of F. solani or F. verticillioides, simultaneously, increased plant mortality by 25-30%, compared with M. incognita alone (5-10% mortality). When inoculated with F. verticillioides at 20 days post nematode inoculation, plant mortality increased to 55%. Either of the Fusarium spp. alone caused some plant mortality, but less than when combined with M. incognita. The synergistic interaction of M. incognita and especially F. verticillioides demonstrates a lethal outcome for inka nuts. It appears that M. incognita creates favorable conditions that lead to enhanced effect and damage by the Fusarium species, especially F. verticillioides, leading to devastating levels of plant death

    Biocontrol del nem谩todo del nudo (Meloidogyne incognita) por micoendof铆ticos aislados de sacha inchi (Plukenetia spp.) en condiciones de laboratorio

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    The following research work aims to find a biocontrol alternative against the nematode of the knot (Meloidogyne incognita), through the use of 7 genders of endophytic fungi associated with the cultivation of sacha inchi (Plukenetia spp); which the percentage of parasitism on eggs and juvenile stages (J2) and the percentage of hatching of M. incognita eggs submitted to fungal extracts of mycoendophytic sacha inchi. We used 20 treatments (4 strains of Clonostachys sp, 4 strains of Trichoderma sp, 4 strains of Pestalotiopsis sp, 3 strains of Xylaria sp, 2 strains of Penicillium sp, 2 strains of Phyalophora sp and 1 strain of Acremonium sp) and one control. For the parasitism test, 21 treatments and 3 replicates were used, inoculating 500 eggs of M. incognita / 50 g of sterile soil and conidia of endophytic fungi in 1 x 106 ufc.cc in 90 x 15 Petri dishes mm, performing 4 evaluations at 4; 8; 12 and 16 d.a.exp. (days after exposure), with T2 treatments (T2: XYL-E-27); T4 (T4: CLO-E-84) and T16 (T16: PEN-E-117) which showed better results with an index of 91.67%; 92% and 92.33% of parasitism during the 4 evaluations compared to the other treatments. To test the in vitro effect of fungal extracts on egg hatching of M. incognita, 21 treatments and 3 replicates were prepared, formulating 3 concentrations (50%, 70% and 90%) in 150 x 15 mm test tubes, and inoculating with 600 eggs of M. incognita, performing 4 evaluations at 4; 8; 12 and 16 d.a.imm (days after immersion) being the best concentration at 90% and having T15 (T15: PES-E-135) as the best result with a 5.67% M hatch rate of M. Incognita during the four evaluations compared to the other treatments.TesisApaEl presente trabajo de investigaci贸n, tiene como objetivo encontrar una alternativa de biocontrol contra el nem谩todo del nudo (Meloidogyne incognita), mediante la utilizaci贸n de 7 g茅neros de hongos end贸fitos asociados al cultivo de sacha inchi (Plukenetia spp); para lo cual se evalu贸 el porcentaje de parasitismo hacia huevos y estadios juveniles (J2) y el porcentaje de eclosi贸n de huevos de M. incognita sometidos a extractos f煤ngicos de micoendof铆ticos de sacha inchi. Se trabajaron con 20 tratamientos (4 cepas de Clonostachys sp; 4 cepas de Trichoderma sp; 4 cepas de Pestalotiopsis sp; 3 cepas de Xylaria sp; 2 cepas de Penicillium sp; 2 cepas de Phyalophora sp y 1 cepa de Acremonium sp) y un control. De los cuales para la prueba de parasitismo se trabaj贸 con 21 tratamientos y 3 repeticiones, inoculando 500 huevos de M. incognita/50 g de suelo est茅ril y conidias de hongos end贸fitos en 1 x 106 ufc.cc en placas de Petri de 90 x 15 mm, realizando 4 evaluaciones a los 4; 8; 12 y 16 d.d.ex (d铆as despu茅s de la exposici贸n), siendo los tratamientos T2 (T2: XYL-E-27); T4 (T4: CLO-E-84) y T16 (T16: PEN-E-117) quienes mostraron mejores resultados con un 铆ndice de 91,67%; 92% y 92,33% de parasitismo durante las 4 evaluaciones a comparaci贸n de los dem谩s tratamientos. Para la prueba del efecto in vitro de extractos f煤ngicos sobre la eclosi贸n de huevos de M. incognita se trabaj贸 con 21 tratamientos y 3 repeticiones, formulando 3 concentraciones (50%; 70% y 90%) en tubos de ensayo de 150 x 15 mm, e inoculando con 600 huevos de M. incognita, realizando 4 evaluaciones a los 4; 8; 12 y 16 d.d.in (d铆as despu茅s de la inmersi贸n) siendo la mejor concentraci贸n al 90% y teniendo como mejor resultado al T15 (T15: PES-E-135) con un 铆ndice de 5,67% de eclosi贸n de huevos de M. incognita durante las cuatro evaluaciones a comparaci贸n de los dem谩s tratamientos
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