Bone regeneration in implant dentistry: Which are the factors affecting the clinical outcome?

The key factors that are needed for bone regeneration to take place include cells (osteoprogenitor and immune-inflammatory cells), a scaffold (blood clot) that facilitates the deposition of the bone matrix, signaling molecules, blood supply, and mechanical stability. However, even when these principles are met, the overall amount of regenerated bone, its stability over time and the incidence of complications may significantly vary. This manuscript provides a critical review on the main local and systemic factors that may have an impact on bone regeneration, trying to focus, whenever possible, on bone regeneration simultaneous to implant placement to treat bone dehiscence/fenestration defects or for bone contouring. In the future, it is likely that bone tissue engineering will change our approach to bone regeneration in implant dentistry by replacing the current biomaterials with osteoinductive scaffolds combined with cells and mechanical/soluble factors and by employing immunomodulatory materials that can both modulate the immune response and control other bone regeneration processes such as osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, or inflammation. However, there are currently important knowledge gaps on the biology of osseous formation and on the factors that can influence it that require further investigation. It is recommended that future studies should combine traditional clinical and radiographic assessments with non-invasive imaging and with patient-reported outcome measures. We also envisage that the integration of multi-omics approaches will help uncover the mechanisms responsible for the variability in regenerative outcomes observed in clinical practice

Survival and success of zirconia compared with titanium implants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review assessed the available evidence on the survival and success rate of zirconia and titanium implants. As secondary outcomes, aesthetic, radiographic and clinical parameters, as well as biological and mechanical complications, were considered. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search was performed up to March 2022 to identify CCTs/RCTs comparing zirconia and titanium implants with a minimum of 12 months of follow-up. Meta-analysis was performed when ≥ 2 articles with similar characteristics were retrieved. RESULTS: Four published articles with two RCTs (2 different patient populations) with 100 zirconia and 99 titanium implants that were followed up over 12-80 months were selected out of the 6040 articles. A non-statistically significant difference between zirconia and titanium implant survival at 12 months was suggested (P = 0.0938). The success rates were 57.5-93.3% and 57.1-100% for zirconia and titanium implants, respectively. The pink aesthetic score (PES) was higher for zirconia (10.33 ± 2.06 to 11.38 ± 0.92) compared to titanium implants (8.14 ± 3.58 to 11.56 ± 1.0). CONCLUSION: Based on the 2 RCTs retrieved in the literature, similar survival rates were reported for zirconia and titanium implants in the short term (12 months of follow-up). Future RCTs are warranted to evaluate the long-term outcomes of zirconia implants. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Zirconia implants may be the procedure of choice, particularly in the aesthetic zone, since they show a similar survival and success rate as titanium implants on a short-term follow-up. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Systematic review registration number-CRD42021288704 (PROSPERO)

Relabeling symmetries in hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics

Lagrangian symmetries and concomitant generalized Bianchi identities associated with the relabeling of fluid elements are found for hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). In hydrodynamics relabeling results in Ertel`s theorem of conservation of potential vorticity, while in MHD it yields the conservation of cross helicity. The symmetries of the reduction from Lagrangian (material) to Eulerian variables are used to construct the Casimir invariants of the Hamiltonian formalism

Variational principle for frozen-in vortex structures interacting with sound waves

General properties of conservative hydrodynamic-type models are treated from positions of the canonical formalism adopted for liquid continuous media, with applications to the compressible Eulerian hydrodynamics, special- and general-relativistic fluid dynamics, and two-fluid plasma model including the Hall-magnetohydrodynamics. A variational formulation is found for motion and interaction of frozen-in localized vortex structures and acoustic waves in a special description where dynamical variables are, besides the Eulerian fields of the fluid density and the potential component of the canonical momentum, also the shapes of frozen-in lines of the generalized vorticity. This variational principle can serve as a basis for approximate dynamical models with reduced number of degrees of freedom.Comment: 7 pages, revtex4, no figure

Digital printing of enzymes on textile substrates as functional materials

Recently, there have been significant developments in inkjet printing for applications in various fields such as medicine, biomaterials and sensors. In this research, enzymes like horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and glucose oxidase (GOx) were directly printed by inkjet printer onto flexible textile fabric in predefined patterns to produce a functional material. The functionality of the printed enzymes (bioink) was investigated by chemical reaction after printing fresh and stored bio-ink in a digital printer. The results indicated that these enzymes can be effectively printed individually or in combination, which retains their functionality after printing. Furthermore, HRP was coupled and printed with fluorescent group, the result confirmed that the printed enzyme was still active and retained its functionality despite the printing process. Hence, the digital printing technique can be used as a novel method for producing functional textiles for advanced applications in monitoring health and security

An Unusual Foreign Body in the Maxillary Antrum: A Case Report and Pertinent Review of Literature

Maxillary sinus is the largest of the paranasal sinuses and occupies the body of Maxilla. It is pyramidal in shape with base toward lateral wall of nose and apex directed laterally into thezygomatic process. It is roof is formed by the floor of the orbit and grooved by infraorbital nerve. Foreign bodies may present in the paranasal sinuses through a variety of traumatic andiatrogenic events. We describe a case where a sharp foreign body penetrated into the maxillary sinus. We used the open surgical approach, for the removal of sinus foreign body

Slow flows of an relativistic perfect fluid in a static gravitational field

Relativistic hydrodynamics of an isentropic fluid in a gravitational field is considered as the particular example from the family of Lagrangian hydrodynamic-type systems which possess an infinite set of integrals of motion due to the symmetry of Lagrangian with respect to relabeling of fluid particle labels. Flows with fixed topology of the vorticity are investigated in quasi-static regime, when deviations of the space-time metric and the density of fluid from the corresponding equilibrium configuration are negligibly small. On the base of the variational principle for frozen-in vortex lines dynamics, the equation of motion for a thin relativistic vortex filament is derived in the local induction approximation.Comment: 4 pages, revtex, no figur

Biogeography of the water flea Daphnia O. F. Müller (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Anomopoda) on the Indian subcontinent

© 2016, Journal of Limnology. All rights reserved.Studies on Daphnia distribution in Indian subcontinent have been few and regionally restricted despite Daphnia being by far the most studied cladoceran. We here present a first biogeographical assessment of the genus on the Indian subcontinent (Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka). We collected all pertinent literature and considered nineteen bioclimatic variables along with latitude, longitude, and altitude for statistical analysis of factors governing distribution in space. Significant variables (determined by Kruskal Wallis test) were tested by nonparametric multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) to clarify whether Daphnia species had specific environmental requirements. Canonical correspondence analysis was used to understand how environmental variables affected distribution. Eight Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) and 4 Daphnia s.str. occurred at 100 different localities. The variables temperature, altitude and latitude differed among species and so did their bio-climatic requirements. Daphnia distribution responded positively to altitude and negatively to a decrease in latitude and temperature. We confirm the existence of three complexes of Daphnia in the Indian subcontinent: i) widely distributed species and species complexes; ii) high altitude endemics; and iii) low latitude D. (Ctenodaphnia) species

Finite size scaling in the solar wind magnetic field energy density as seen by WIND

Statistical properties of the interplanetary magnetic field fluctuations can provide an important insight into the solar wind turbulent cascade. Recently, analysis of the Probability Density Functions (PDF) of the velocity and magnetic field fluctuations has shown that these exhibit non-Gaussian properties on small time scales while large scale features appear to be uncorrelated. Here we apply the finite size scaling technique to explore the scaling of the magnetic field energy density fluctuations as seen by WIND. We find a single scaling sufficient to collapse the curves over the entire investigated range. The rescaled PDF follow a non Gaussian distribution with asymptotic behavior well described by the Gamma distribution arising from a finite range Lévy walk. Such mono scaling suggests that a Fokker-Planck approach can be applied to study the PDF dynamics. These results strongly suggest the existence of a common, nonlinear process on the time scale up to 26 hours

The hodograph method applicability in the problem of long-scale nonlinear dynamics of a thin vortex filament near a flat boundary

Hamiltonian dynamics of a thin vortex filament in ideal incompressible fluid near a flat fixed boundary is considered at the conditions that at any point of the curve determining shape of the filament the angle between tangent vector and the boundary plane is small, also the distance from a point on the curve to the plane is small in comparison with the curvature radius. The dynamics is shown to be effectively described by a nonlinear system of two (1+1)-dimensional partial differential equations. The hodograph transformation reduces that system to a single linear differential equation of the second order with separable variables. Simple solutions of the linear equation are investigated at real values of spectral parameter $\lambda$ when the filament projection on the boundary plane has shape of a two-branch spiral or a smoothed angle, depending on the sign of $\lambda$.Comment: 9 pages, revtex4, 6 eps-figure