Taking Sides In Peacekeeping: Impartiality And The Future Of The United Nations

United Nations peacekeeping has undergone radical transformation in the new millennium. \u27Taking Sides in Peacekeeping\u27 explores this transformation and its implications, in what is the first conceptual and empirical study of impartiality in UN peacekeeping. The book challenges dominant scholarly approaches that conceive of norms as linear and static, conceptualizing impartiality as a \u27composite\u27 norm, one that is not free-standing but an aggregate of other principles-each of which can change and is open to contestation. Drawing on a large body of primary evidence, it uses the composite norm to trace the evolution of impartiality, and to illuminate the macro-level politics surrounding its institutionalization at the UN, as well as the micro-level politics surrounding its implementation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, site of the largest and costliest peacekeeping mission in UN history. This book reveals that, despite a veneer of consensus, impartiality is in fact highly contested. As the collection of principles it refers to has expanded to include human rights and civilian protection, deep disagreements have arisen over what keeping peace impartially actually means. Beyond the semantics, the book shows how this contestation, together with the varying expectations and incentives created by the norm, has resulted in perverse and unintended consequences that have politicized peacekeeping and, in some cases, effectively converted UN forces into one warring party among many. The author assesses the implications of this radical transformation for the future of peacekeeping and for the UN\u27s role as guarantor of international peace and security

A SMASHing approach for developing staff and student digital capabilities within a community of practice

SMASH is a student-led partnership which considers how social media could be used to enhance learning and teaching. Mentored by their tutor, members of the team identified three key areas where social media may be utilised: within learning activities, as a means of organising learning and as a way of showcasing learning. The three strands of this framework have provided a focus to develop a range of resources and the foundation for a digital toolkit. This case study reflects upon not just the outputs developed thus far, but also on the experience, the learning gained and the sense of belonging and identify as a result of being part of this community of practice

Fish stock assessment of the northern New Caledonian lagoons : 3-Fishing pressure, potential yields and impact on management options

Cette étude évalue le potentiel d’exploitation des poissons démersaux récifo-lagonaires d’intérêt commercial dans les lagons de la Province Nord de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. La pression de pêche est estimée d’après les relevés des pêcheurs professionnels et le budget de consommation des ménages. Les captures totales ont été estimées à 1 326 tonnes en 1995, dont 94 % sont représentés par la pêche de poissons consommés sur place. Les captures sont effectuées sur les côtes ouest et est, et sont très faibles dans le lagon nord (Bélep). Compte tenu de cette pression de pêche d’une part, et des stocks d’autre part, la prise maximale soutenue annuelle a été estimée à 12 600 t, soit environ 10 % du stock total (138 300 t). Elle est principalement constituée par des espèces de cinq familles : les Lethrinidés, Acanthuridés, Scaridés, Serranidés et Lutjanidés. Comparés à la pression de pêche sur l’ensemble des lagons, les stocks semblent loin d’être menacés dans leur ensemble. Il serait donc possible d’augmenter sensiblement l’effort de pêche. Cependant, à une échelle géographique plus fine, certains secteurs communaux (Koné et Népoui sur la côte ouest), certains biotopes récifaux (les abords récifaux), ou certains groupes d’espèces (poissons de ligne) semblent supporter déjà une activité conséquente. Des recommandations sont formulées, notamment la mise en place d’un suivi de la ressource des espèces cibles et la réorientation de l’effort de pêche en direction d’autres groupes d’espèces et d’autres biotopes grâce à une diversification des techniques de captures

Planning for Sustainability in NSW Local Government

Local councils in the state of New South Wales (NSW) in Australia are starting to give serious consideration to how they can include ‘sustainability’ in their planning for the future. There is no statutory requirement to create a sustainability plan – and therefore no standard definition of what constitutes such a plan for local government in NSW. The same is true of the term ‘sustainability’, for which there is no standard or legislative definition. However, the NSW state division of Local Government Managers Australia (LGMA - a professional organization for council managers) has recently released a ‘Sustainability Health Check’ as a resource to assist councils in assessing their current performance and devising appropriate strategies and action plans for sustainability. In addition, several individual councils have used the opportunity provided by the state government’s Urban Sustainability Program to make a first attempt at developing a sustainability plan