Diffraction of real and virtual photons in a pyrolytic graphite crystal as source of intensive quasimonochromatic X-ray beam

A series of experiments on the parametric X-rays radiation (PXR) generation and radiation soft component diffraction of relativistic electrons in pyrolytic graphite (PG) crystals have been carried out at the Tomsk synchrotronyesBelgorod State Universit

Generation of neutrons in a nanosecond low-pressure discharge in deuterium

The neutron yield is measured in a high-voltage Townsend discharge in deuterium with a hollow cylinder made of tungsten or steel used as a polarizing anode of electrons. A flat metallic plate covered by a layer of deuterated zirconium is applied as a grounded cathode. The highest yield of neutrons in the reaction 2H(d,n)3He, ∼1.2 × 104 neutrons per pulse, is observed in the case of the tungsten anode at a deuterium pressure on the order of 100 Pa. The pulsed neutron flux duration estimated with data obtained from a scintillation detector is roughly equal to 1.5 ns

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ВЫБОРА ОПТИМАЛЬНОГО НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ СИСТЕМЫ ЭНЕРГОСНАБЖЕНИЯ БЕЛАРУСИ

The paper considers main directions of the technological development of the Belarusian power-supply system. Comparative analysis of the economic efficiency of thermal power station modernization on the basis of steam- and gas technology, nuclear technology development and simple renovation of the worn-out generating capacities of thermal power stations has been carried out in the paper. Selection of the priority direction pertaining to optimization of industrial structure of the Belarusian power-supply system has been made on the basis of the presented minimum-specific cost criterion. The paper reveals that in the medium-term period the most optimum development of the Belarusian electrical power engineering is a technological  modernization  due to predicted  changes in natural gas and nuclear fuel costs. The modernization presupposes construction of topping plants in addition to the existing steam- and turbine equipment at thermal power stations. Рассмотрены основные направления технологического развития системы энергоснабжения Беларуси.  Проведен сравнительный анализ  экономической  эффективности модернизации действующих тепловых электростанций на базе парогазовой технологии, развития атомных технологий и простого  обновления  изношенных  генерирующих  мощностей ТЭС.  Выбор приоритетного направления оптимизации производственной структуры системы энергоснабжения Беларуси осуществлялся исходя из критерия минимума удельных приведенных затрат. Выявлено, что в среднесрочной перспективе с учетом прогнозируемого изменения цен на природный газ и ядерное топливо наиболее оптимальным вариантом развития белорусской электроэнергетики является технологическая модернизация на базе газотурбинных надстроек к действующему паротурбинному оборудованию ТЭС.

Mild Mitochondrial Uncoupling and Calorie Restriction Increase Fasting eNOS, Akt and Mitochondrial Biogenesis

Enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis promoted by eNOS activation is believed to play a central role in the beneficial effects of calorie restriction (CR). Since treatment of mice with dinitrophenol (DNP) promotes health and lifespan benefits similar to those observed in CR, we hypothesized that it could also impact biogenesis. We found that DNP and CR increase citrate synthase activity, PGC-1α, cytochrome c oxidase and mitofusin-2 expression, as well as fasting plasma levels of NO• products. In addition, eNOS and Akt phosphorylation in skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue was activated in fasting CR and DNP animals. Overall, our results indicate that systemic mild uncoupling activates eNOS and Akt-dependent pathways leading to mitochondrial biogenesis