Un general, una crisis colonial y un cisma nacionalista: Primo de Rivera y el paradigma gaullista

This article develops hitherto unexplored comparisons between the Rif War and the Algerian War of Independence. The Rif War and the colonial policy of the Primo de Rivera dictatorship have been placed in various useful comparative frames, but these have tended to isolate specific elements of the overall history, eschewing the interrelationships between processes of domestic politics, international politics, and colonial warfare. Looking beneath the major differences between the Spanish experience in the Rif and the French in Algeria, three illuminating parallels emerge: (1) the emergence of a military “strongman” with the initial support of the colonial army despite his uncertain commitment to the army’s goals; (2) an international dynamic that circumscribed any real capacity for each “strongman” to dictate colonial policy; and (3) schism on the nationalist right of each country as a result of the conflict, pitting those who favored operating within the hegemonic international framework against those who organized against that framework. Although imperfect in many respects, this comparison emphasizes interrelated processes of politics, colonialism, and national identity.Este artículo desarrolla un análisis comparado entre la Guerra del Rif y la Guerra de Independencia Argelina. La Guerra del Rif y la política colonial de la dictadura primorriverista han sido sometidas a varios marcos comparatistas, pero éstos tienden a aislar elementos específicos—política interna, política internacional, y guerra colonial—prestándose menos atención a las interrelaciones entre ellos. Dejando aparte las diferencias importantes entre la experiencia española en el Rif y la francesa en Argelia, surgen paralelismos instructivos: (1) la emergencia de un “cirujano de hierro” militar, gozando del apoyo inicial del ejército colonial a pesar de su posición ambivalente hacia los objetivos militares; (2) una dinámica internacional que acabó restringiendo toda independencia de acción de cada líder; y (3) como resultado del conflicto colonial, una escisión en la derecha nacionalista de cada país entre los que favorecían la colaboración en el marco internacional hegemonónico y los que se organizaron en contra de aquel marco. Aunque imperfecto, este análisis comparado puede iluminar de forma original las relaciones entre procesos de política, colonialismo, e identidad nacional

Novel Vaccine Strategies to Prevent Herpes Simplex Virus Infection

Herpes simplex virus, which infects a majority of the population, remains a significant human pathogen for which no effective vaccine exists. Despite decades of intensive research, this virus has resisted numerous classical and cutting edge approaches. We can only hope that additional research into new vaccines ideas as well as the fundamentals of how the virus interacts with the immune system will someday lead to the design of an effective vaccine. The first part of this dissertation focuses on the virus and how it interacts with various immune cells in the body. HSV-1 exerts a number of influences on a number of key immune cells, especially dendritic cells. The overview goes on to fully describe these interactions, the nature of the immune response generated to the virus, as well as part and possible future vaccine strategies. The second part explores the use of hsp70 and peptide as an effective vaccine candidate in the neonate, in which infection can lead to life threatening situations. Results suggest that hsp70 is an effective adjuvant in neonates. The third section examines the use of hsp70 and peptide as a mucosal adjuvant in adult mice. These data also demonstrate that hsp70 can act as an potent mucosal adjuvant. The final section explores utilizing an anti-DNA antibody to enhance targeting of plasmid DNA to antigen presenting cells in order to improve immune responses. Results indicate that anti-DNA antibody enhances immune responses to plasmid encoded antigen. In all, we hope that these novel vaccine approaches may one day be used in humans to induce protective immune responses to HSV-1

Turismo, urbanismo y colonialismo en Tánger, 1880-1939

This article examines leisure, travel, and tourism during the period of rapid urban expansion of Tangier. Several factors favored Tangier’s prospects to develop an urban economy based on travel and leisure, including climate, location, the availability of a labor force from Morocco and southern Andalucía, and the city’s role as the seat of Euro-Moroccan investment, commerce, and diplomacy. It was known to thousands of travelers and residential tourists by the late nineteenth century, fuelling considerable optimism for further growth in this area. By the 1930s, however, a range of municipal and inter-imperial political problems impeded the city’s consolidation as a major resort destination.Este artículo examina el ocio, los viajes y el turismo durante el período de mayor expansión urbana de Tánger. Varios factores favorecieron las posibilidades de Tánger para desarrollar una economía basada en los viajes y el ocio, entre ellas, el clima, su localización geográfica, la disponibilidad de una masa laboral procedente de Marruecos y el sur de Andalucía y el papel de la ciudad como sede euro-marroquí para la inversión, el comercio y la diplomacia. La ciudad era conocida por miles de viajeros y turistas residenciales desde finales del siglo XIX, lo que fomentó un optimismo considerable por lograr un mayor crecimiento de esta zona. Sin embargo, durante los años treinta una sucesión de problemas políticos locales e internacionales impidieron la consolidación de la ciudad como un gran destino turístico

Letters between Fred J. Pack and William Kerr\u27s secretary

Letters concerning a position at the Utah Agricultural College

Tree-Based Overlay Networks for Scalable Applications

The increasing availability of high-performance computing systems with thousands, tens of thousands, and even hundreds of thousands of computational nodes is driving the demand for programming models and infrastructures that allow effective use of such large-scale environments. Tree-based Overlay Networks (TBŌNs) have proven to provide such a model for distributed tools like performance profilers, parallel debuggers, system monitors and system administration tools. We demonstrate that the extensibility and flexibility of the TBŌN distributed computing model, along with its performance characteristics, make it surprisingly general, particularly for applications outside the tool domain. We describe many interesting applications and commonly-used algorithms for which TBŌNs are well-suited and provide a new (non-tool) case study, a distributed implementation of the mean-shift algorithm commonly used in computer vision to delineate arbitrarily shaped clusters in complex, multi-modal feature spaces. 1

The distinct leukocyte integrins of mouse spleen dendritic cells as identified with new hamster monoclonal antibodies

Metlay, J.P., Witmer-Pack, M.D., Agger, R., Crowley, M.T., Lawless, D., and Steinman, R.M. The distinct leukocyte integrins of mouse spleen dendritic cells as identified with new hamster monoclonal antibodies. J. Exp. Med. 171: 1753-1771, 1990https://digitalcommons.rockefeller.edu/historical-scientific-reports/1025/thumbnail.jp

Identification of proliferating dendritic cell precursors in mouse blood

While it has been known that dendritic cells arise from proliferating precursors in situ, it has been difficult to identify progenitors in culture. We find that aggregates of growing dendritic cells develop in cultures of mouse blood that are supplemented with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) but not other CSFs. The dendritic cell precursor derives from the Ia-negative and nonadherent fraction. The aggregates of developing dendritic cells appear at about 1 wk of culture, with 100 or more such clusters being formed per 106 blood leukocytes. The aggregates can be dislodged and subcultured as expanding clusters that are covered with cells having the motile sheet-like processes (“veils”) of dendritic cells. By about 2 wk, large numbers of single, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-rich dendritic cells begin to be released into the medium. Combined immunoperoxidase and [3H]thymidine autoradiograph, show that the cells that proliferate within the aggregate lack certain antigenic markers that are found on mature dendritic cells. However, in pulse-chase protocols, the [3H]thymidinelabeled progeny exhibit many typical dendritic cell features, including abundant MHC class II and a cytoplasmic granular antigen identified by monodonal antibody 2A1. The progeny dendritic cells are potent stimulators of the mixed leukocyte reaction and can home to the T-dependent areas of lymph node after injection into the footpads. We conclude that mouse blood contains GM-CSF-dependent, proliferating progenitors that give rise to large numbers of dendritic cells with characteristic morphology, mobility, phenotype, and strong T cell stimulatory function

The tissue distribution of the B7-2 costimulator in mice: abundant expression on dendritic cells in situ and during maturation in vitro

Inaba, K., Witmer-Pack, M., Inaba, M., Sakuta, H., Hathcock, K.S., Azuma, M., Yagita, H., Okumura, K., Linsley, P.S., Ikehara, S., Muramatsu, S., Hodes, R.J., and Steinman, R.M. The tissue distribution of the B7-2 costimulator in mice: abundant expression on dendritic cells in situ and during maturation in vitro. J. Exp. Med. 180: 1849-1860, 1994https://digitalcommons.rockefeller.edu/historical-scientific-reports/1037/thumbnail.jp