6 research outputs found
A systematic review evaluating loneliness assessment instruments in older adults
Introduction and objectives: The experiences and changes that come along with
old age may lead to a feeling of loneliness, usually followed by negative physical
and mental manifestations. In this systematic review, we evaluated the existing
tools to assess loneliness in older adults.
Methods: We performed a literature search in the Web of Science, Medline,
and PsycINFO, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews
and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. After, we examined the psychometric
properties of the instruments with a focus on reliability, validity, and main
conclusions.
Results: We included 27 articles published between 1996 and 2021.
Conclusion: To date, there are few instruments to assess loneliness in older
adults. In general, they present adequate psychometric properties, although it is
true that some scales show somewhat low levels of reliability and validityThis work has been partially funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciĂłn, project SAPIENS- Services and applications for a healthy aging (Grant PI09/90609 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)S
Assessment of validity and comparison of two spanish versions of the geriatric depression scale
Introduction: The Geriatric Depression Scale is an instrument used to identify
depression in people of an older age. The original English version of this scale has
been translated into Spanish (GDS-VE); two shorter versions of 5- (GDS-5) and
15-items (GDS-15) have been developed.
Aim of the study: To assess the validity and compare the 5- and 15-item Spanish
versions of the GDS among the Spanish population.
Materials and methods: 573 Galicia residents aged >50 years participated in this
study. The following instruments were applied: the 19-item Control, Autonomy, Self-
Realization and Pleasure scale, the Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire,
the Mini-Mental State Examination test, the GDS-5, and the GDS-15.
Results: We found differences in total score between GDS-5 and GDS-15
regarding the variable sex. Internal reliability for GDS-5 and GDS-15 was 0.495
and 0.715, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for GDS-5 – with a cut-off value
of 1 – was 0.517 and 0.650, respectively; for GDS-15 – with a cut-off value of 3
points – sensitivity was 0.755 and specificity 0.668. GDS-5 has a ROC curve of
0.617 and GDS-15 of 0.764.
Conclusion: GDS-15, and to a greater extent GDS-5, should be revised or
even reformulated to improve their diagnostic usefulness by choosing higher
discriminative ability items or even include new items with greater sensitivity that
consider currently prevailing psychosocial factorsThis work was supported by Grant PID2020-115137RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033S
Oxidative Stress and Parkinson’s Disease: Effects on Environmental Toxicology
Epidemiological studies have found an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD) with environmental factors such as exposure to substances derived from industrial processes, use of agrochemicals, or living in a rural environment. The hypothesis that certain environmental toxins could be the source of the EP is supported by the discovery that chemicals such as herbicides paraquat, diquat, and the fungicide maneb are selectively toxic in nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Also, one of the insecticides produced by plants, such as rotenone, and by-product of the synthesis of synthetic heroin MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) can be reproduced in animal models where neurochemicals, histopathological, and clinical characteristic of PD can be found. Interestingly, there are similarities in the chemical structure of paraquat and MPTP. Recent evidence exhibited that inflammation and oxidative stress play an essential role in the development of PD. So, in our laboratory we found that in an animal model melatonin decreases the products of lipid oxidation, nitric oxide metabolites, and the activity of cyclooxygenase 2, which are induced by an intraperitoneal injection of MPTP. This suggests that the neuroprotective effects of melatonin are partially attributed to its antioxidant scavenging and anti-inflammatory action
Effect of fish oil on oxidative stress markers in patients with probable Alzheimer´s disease
High intake of omega-3 fatty acids has been associated with synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis and memory in several experimental models. To assess the efficacy of fish oil supplementation on oxidative stress markers in patients diagnosed with probable Alzheimer´s disease (AD) we conducted a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial. AD patients who met the inclusive criteria were given fish oil (containing 0.45 g eicosapentaenoic acid and 1 g docosahexaenoic acid) or placebo daily for 12 months. Oxidative stress markers [lipoperoxides, nitric oxide catabolites levels, oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio, and membrane fluidity] and fatty acid profile in erythrocytes were assessed at enrollment, and 6 and 12 months after the start of the testing period. At the end of the trial, in patients who received fish oil, we detected a decrease in the omega 6/omega 3 ratio in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids. This change was parallel with decreases in plasma levels of lipoperoxides and nitric oxide catabolites. Conversely, the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione was significantly increased. In addition, membrane fluidity was increased significantly in plasma membrane samples. In conclusion fish oil administration has a beneficial effect in decreasing the levels of oxidative stress markers and improving the membrane fluidity in plasma.El alto consumo de ácidos grasos omega-3 se asocia con la plasticidad sináptica, neurogénesis y memoria en varios modelos experimentales. Para evaluar la eficacia de la suplementación con aceite de pescado en los marcadores de estrés oxidativo en pacientes con diagnóstico de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) probable realizamos un ensayo clínico doble ciego, aleatorizado, controlado con placebo. A los pacientes con la EA que cumplían los criterios de inclusión se les administró aceite de pescado (que contenía 0,45 g de ácido eicosapentaenoico y 1 g de ácido docosahexaenoico) o placebo diariamente durante 12 meses. Los marcadores de estrés oxidativo plasmático [niveles de lipoperóxidos y catabolitos del óxido nítrico, cociente de glutatión reducido a glutatiónoxidado) y fluidez de la membrana] y el perfil de ácidos grasos en los eritrocitos se evaluaron al inicio, 6 meses y alos 12 meses. Al final del ensayo, en pacientes que recibieron aceite de pescado detectamos una disminución en el cociente de ácidos grasos omega 6/omega 3 en los fosfolípidos de la membrana eritrocitaria. Este cambio ocurrió en paralelo a la disminución de los niveles plasmáticos de lipoperóxidos y catabolitos del óxido nítrico. Por el contrario, el cociente de glutatión reducido a glutatión oxidado se incrementó significativamente. Además, la fluidez de la membrana aumentó significativamente en las muestras analizadas. En conclusión, la administración de aceite de pescado tiene un efecto beneficioso al disminuir los niveles de marcadores de estrés oxidativo plasmático y mejorar la fluidez de la membrana plasmática
. 36 Tomo VII (1953) Sexta Época (1939-1966). Anales del Instituto Nacional de AntropologĂa e Historia
PublicaciĂłn que recopila y difunde cien años de trabajo de la antropologĂa en MĂ©xico (1877-1977), integrada por documentos y manuscritos arqueolĂłgicos, antropolĂłgicos, histĂłricos, geolĂłgicos, botánicos y lingĂĽĂsticos.- InformaciĂłn general de las actividades del Instituto Nacional de AntropologĂa e Historia durante el año 1953 por Ignacio Marquina. - Contemporaneidad del hombre con fauna extinguida en el pleistoceno superior de MĂ©xico por Luis Aveleyra Arroyo de Anda. - Los concheros de la costa de Chiapas por JosĂ© Luis Lorenzo. - Sobre un cráneo de Aenocyon Dirus (Leidy) del Pleistoceno superior de Tequixquiac, MĂ©xico por Manuel Maldonado Koerdell. - Sobre dos molares de Paraelephas Columbi (Falconer) del Pleistoceno superior de Tequixquiac, MĂ©xico por Manuel Maldonado Koerdell. - Nota preliminar sobre los restos humanos sub-fĂłsiles de Santa MarĂa Astahuacan, D. F. por Arturo Romano. - Notas sobre la arqueologĂa de Tehuantepec por James R. Foster. - Desarrollo de la cultura prehispánica central veracruzana por Alfonso MedellĂn Zenil. - IdentificaciĂłn de una diosa zapoteca por Laurette SejournĂ©. - La colecciĂłn de marfiles del Museo Nacional de Historia por Gonzalo ObregĂłn. - La polĂtica social de Hidalgo por MoisĂ©s González Navarro. - Notas sobre la iconografĂa de Hidalgo por Gonzalo ObregĂłn. - Un ejemplo de patologĂa Ăłsea prehispánica de MĂ©xico por Eusebio Dávalos Hurtado. - Nivel socioeconĂłmico y condiciones higiĂ©nicas de un grupo de familias burĂłcratas por Blanca Luisa JimĂ©nez Lozano