Financing economic development in Indonesia : a suggested program

Cover title"January 25, 1955."At head of title: Economic Development, Indonesian Project"333"--handwritten on cover"This is a revised draft of a paper originally presented at a joint Indonesian Embassy-Center for International Studies meeting on December 21, 1954"--p. 1Includes bibliographical reference

Financing economic development in Indonesia

Cover title"October 3, 1955."At head of title: Indonesia Project. Economic Development"329"--handwritten on cover"This is a revised draft of a paper originally presented at a joint Indonesian Embassy-Center for International Studies meeting on December 21, 1954"--p. 1Includes bibliographical reference

Infectious emergencies in patients with diabetes

Niektóre zakażenia są szczególnie charakterystyczne dla cukrzycy, natomiast przebieg kliniczny innych jest cięższy. W niniejszym artykule omówiono takie właśnie zakażenia i przedstawiono zalecenia terapeutyczne dotyczące każdego z nich. Powszechnie wiadomo, że chorzy na cukrzycę są bardziej narażeni na różnego rodzaju infekcje. Nie ma jednak danych określających ryzyko poszczególnych zakażeń [1–3], a doniesienia na temat częstości nosicielstwa gronkowca złocistego (Staphyloccocus aureus) oraz ryzyka poszczególnych zakażeń gronkowcowych są wręcz sprzeczne.Several infectious diseases are strongly associated with diabetes, whereas others are more complicated or severe in the presence of diabetes. This article reviews the infectious diseases unique to or more complicated in patients with diabetes and offers therapy recommendations for each. Patients with diabetes appear to be at greater risk for a number of different kinds of infections. Good data delineating the risk of specific infections are lacking. Conflicting data exist on carriage rates of Staphylococcus aureus and risk of specific staphylococcal infections. 1-3 This article will cover several serious infections that are strongly associated with diabetes

Plasma polychlorinated biphenyl levels in Dutch preschool children either breast-fed or formula-fed during infancy

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the influence of lactational and in utero exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on plasma PCB levels in children. METHODS: Plasma PCB levels were measured in 173 children at 3.5 years, of whom 91 were breast-fed and 82 were formula-fed in infancy. RESULTS: Median plasma PCB levels were 3.6 times higher in breast-fed children (0.75 microgram/L) than in their formula-fed peers (0.21 microgram/L). Breast-feeding period and breast-milk PCB levels were important predictors for PCB levels in the breast-fed group. For children in the formula-fed group, PCB levels were significantly related to their material plasma PCB levels. CONCLUSIONS: PCB levels in Dutch preschool children are related to transfer of maternal PCBs; therefore, strategies should be aimed at reducing maternal PCB body burden

The stealth episome: suppression of gene expression on the excised genomic island PPHGI-1 from Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola

Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola is the causative agent of halo blight in the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris. P. syringae pv. phaseolicola race 4 strain 1302A contains the avirulence gene avrPphB (syn. hopAR1), which resides on PPHGI-1, a 106 kb genomic island. Loss of PPHGI-1 from P. syringae pv. phaseolicola 1302A following exposure to the hypersensitive resistance response (HR) leads to the evolution of strains with altered virulence. Here we have used fluorescent protein reporter systems to gain insight into the mobility of PPHGI-1. Confocal imaging of dual-labelled P. syringae pv. phaseolicola 1302A strain, F532 (dsRFP in chromosome and eGFP in PPHGI-1), revealed loss of PPHGI-1::eGFP encoded fluorescence during plant infection and when grown in vitro on extracted leaf apoplastic fluids. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of fluorescent and non-fluorescent PPHGI-1::eGFP F532 populations showed that cells lost fluorescence not only when the GI was deleted, but also when it had excised and was present as a circular episome. In addition to reduced expression of eGFP, quantitative PCR on sub-populations separated by FACS showed that transcription of other genes on PPHGI-1 (avrPphB and xerC) was also greatly reduced in F532 cells harbouring the excised PPHGI-1::eGFP episome. Our results show how virulence determinants located on mobile pathogenicity islands may be hidden from detection by host surveillance systems through the suppression of gene expression in the episomal state

Critical Exponents of the Classical 3D Heisenberg Model: A Single-Cluster Monte Carlo Study

We have simulated the three-dimensional Heisenberg model on simple cubic lattices, using the single-cluster Monte Carlo update algorithm. The expected pronounced reduction of critical slowing down at the phase transition is verified. This allows simulations on significantly larger lattices than in previous studies and consequently a better control over systematic errors. In one set of simulations we employ the usual finite-size scaling methods to compute the critical exponents $\nu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma, \eta$ from a few measurements in the vicinity of the critical point, making extensive use of histogram reweighting and optimization techniques. In another set of simulations we report measurements of improved estimators for the spatial correlation length and the susceptibility in the high-temperature phase, obtained on lattices with up to $100^3$ spins. This enables us to compute independent estimates of $\nu$ and $\gamma$ from power-law fits of their critical divergencies.Comment: 33 pages, 12 figures (not included, available on request). Preprint FUB-HEP 19/92, HLRZ 77/92, September 199

Topologically Protected Quantum State Transfer in a Chiral Spin Liquid

Topology plays a central role in ensuring the robustness of a wide variety of physical phenomena. Notable examples range from the robust current carrying edge states associated with the quantum Hall and the quantum spin Hall effects to proposals involving topologically protected quantum memory and quantum logic operations. Here, we propose and analyze a topologically protected channel for the transfer of quantum states between remote quantum nodes. In our approach, state transfer is mediated by the edge mode of a chiral spin liquid. We demonstrate that the proposed method is intrinsically robust to realistic imperfections associated with disorder and decoherence. Possible experimental implementations and applications to the detection and characterization of spin liquid phases are discussed.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure