The Making of a Mission Field: Paradigms of Evangelistic Mission in Europe

Since the Second World War Europe has increasingly been considered as a 'mission field'. Sometimes it is suggested that this belief could only emerge after the collapse of the colonial empires, effectively abolishing the difference between the 'Christian' and the 'pagan' world. However, this is only partially true. There has always been a strong undercurrent within European churches, especially among missionary practitioners, that Europe was not all that 'Christian', even when its institutions and laws were influenced by Christianity. In this article I argue that this consciousness even increased in the post-Reformation centuries. In fact, 'home missions' were in every bit a part of the great Protestant missionary movement, just as 'foreign missions'. Before the 20th century the awareness of Europe as a mission field was embodied in two missionary paradigms that I have termed 'confessional' and 'revivalist'. In the 20th century a new paradigm emerged that I have called 'ideological'. © 2012 Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands

Acoustic testing of a 1.5 pressure ratio, low tip speed fan (QEP fan B scale model)

A scale model (0.484 scale factor) of a single stage fan designed for a 1.5 pressure ratio and 1160 ft/sec tip speed was tested to determine its noise characteristics. The fan had 26 blades and 60 outlet guide vanes, with vanes spaced two rotor blade aerodynamic chords from the blades. The effects of speed, exhaust nozzle area and fan frame acoustic treatment on the scale model's noise characteristics were investigated

Exploration of Thermophilic Bacteria: Systematic Literature Review

The selection of enzymes derived from microbes has several advantages compared to those derived from animals and plants. One of the advantages is that the growth of enzymes will occur more quickly in bacteria because the cells rapidly undergo division and cell production will be easier to increase if needed in large quantities and the time needed for enzyme production will be shorter. Thermophilic microorganisms are known as bacteria that are tolerant of high temperatures, but on the other hand these bacteria are also able to survive at these temperatures. Where the purpose of research is to explain exploration of thermophilic bacteria. A review is conducted on the state-of-the-art methods using the preferred reporting items for reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Bacteria have important economic value in human life. Knowledge in this branch of science is useful in medicine, hygiene, food science and nutrition, agriculture, and industry. Based on the results of macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical characterization, it was found that many bacteria with various types recording to their habitat or place of development, exploraton of thermophilic bacteria was carried out so that they could be useful for the industrial world.    &nbsp

Stem Education in Science Learning: Systematic Literature Review

As one of the efforts to produce Sumber Human Resources (HR) who have century competence 21st, a learning design is needed which integrates skills or 21st century skills. By including students are involved in remembering, understanding, apply, analyze, evaluate as well create both in scientific theory and at the time their daily life. A review is conducted on the state-of-the-art methods using the preferred reporting items for reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline. We review literature from several publications and analyze STEM approach is a very appropriate approach to use in 21st century learning. After applying STEM approach, students are expected to be able mastering scientific and technological literacy. In learning there is a process of interaction between educators and students and learning resources in a learning environment to achieve learning goals. Learning is done using learning strategies in facilitating the teaching and learning process. So that the process can be carried out properly and conveyed correctly, STEM learning is carried out which can integrate knowledge, skills and values of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics to be able to solve a problem related to learning in the context of everyday life.    &nbsp

Facilitating flexible problem solving: A cognitive load perspective

The development of flexible, transferable problem-solving skills is an important aim of contemporary educational systems. Since processing limitations of our mind represent a major factor influencing any meaningful learning, the acquisition of flexible problem-solving skills needs to be based on known characteristics of our cognitive architecture in order to be effective and efficient. This paper takes a closer look at the processes involved in the acquisition of flexible problem-solving skills within a cognitive load framework. It concludes that (1) cognitive load theory can benefit from putting more emphasis on generalized knowledge structures; (2

ChatGPT for Teachers and Students in Science Learning: A Systematic Literature Review

In Indonesia Science education has not reached a portion that is in accordance with the needs of science education. Science learning should not only focus on knowledge but must also be balanced with application in everyday life. With this application, students will know that what they learn in science is applied and useful for life. That way, students will continue to try to experiment because of their high curiosity so that students are able to produce scientific products. Science problems are not only experienced by students, but teachers who teach science at school also have science problems they face. For this reason, Chat GPT (Generative Pre-Trainer Transformer) is used as one of the Open AI (Artificial Intelligence) innovations, a research company engaged in the development of artificial intelligence. The purpose of this research is to explain GPT Chat for Teachers and Students in Science Learning. A review is conducted on the state-of-the-art methods using the preferred reporting items for reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The results of this research show that Chat GPT has main functions, Chat GPT also has many uses for teachers and students, and science learning has five domains of science education, which must be supported by appropriate technological sophistication

Virtual Reality for Future Education: Systematic Literature Review

The development of information and communication technology is very rapid at this time contributed greatly to the development process of various kinds of learning media based on the application of technology as one of the innovations in education, Virtual Reality (VR) technology itself is a way in a way perform the appearance of learning pictures in the form of media three-dimensional or what is usually better known as 3D. Where the purpose of research is to explain Virtual Reality for Future Education. A review is conducted on the state-of-the-art methods using the preferred reporting items for reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Virtual Reality (VR) has the potential to enhance education by enabling greater learning potential than ever before, in addition to luring us into new realms. Learning can reach students' emotional core in novel and fascinating ways thanks to virtual reality. This study also states that learning subjects that can benefit the most from implementing Virtual Reality as learning media are science, social studies, and history. However, the potential is much greater.    &nbsp