Triage Process in Emergency Departments: an Indonesian Study

Background: Triage process has rapidly developed in some countries in the last three decades in order to respond to the demand for emergency services by growing population and emergency health needs. However, this development does not appear to match in Indonesian hospitals. The triage process in Indonesia remains obscure.Purpose: This study aimed to describe triage process in Indonesia from a range of different perspectives.Methods: The research design of this study was descriptive qualitative using semistructured interviews of 12 policy makers or persons responsible from 5 different organizations which informed triage practice in Indonesia. The data were analyzed using a three step content analysis.Results: The result produced 3 themes. First, four steps of triage process ranging from receiving to prioritizing were reported as the triaging procedures in Indonesia which were almost similar to the International literature except for a re-triage step. Second,primary and secondary triage processes were also applied in all emergency departments in Indonesia. Last, no prolonged waiting time in Indonesia could be assumed whether the triage process was effective and efficient or it was only a quick process of sorting to rapidly increase the number of patients in the treatment rooms. Out of the themes, the result also indicated that the involvement of nurses in health policy development inIndonesia needed supportConclusion: Triage process in Indonesia still needs improvements. Patient\u27s re-triage and evaluating secondary triage should be given more frameworks in the future. An effective and efficient triage process in Indonesia will best manage the number of patients in the treatment rooms and therefore further observational researches on patterns and trends are needed. Moreover, including the role of nurses as policy makers in the curriculum of nursing undergraduate and post-graduate degrees would give nurses the evidence to seek out policy making positions in the futur

Methods for Focal Plane Array Resolution Estimation Using Random Laser Speckle in Non-paraxial Geometries

The infrared (IR) imaging community has a need for direct IR detector evaluation due to the continued demand for small pixel pitch detectors, the emergence of strained-layer-super-lattice devices, and the associated lateral carrier diffusion issues. Conventional laser speckle-based modulation transfer function (MTF) estimation is dependent on Fresnel propagation and a wide-sense-stationary input random process, limiting the use of this approach for lambda (wavelength)-scale IR devices. This dissertation develops two alternative methodologies for speckle-based resolution evaluation of IR focal plane arrays (FPAs). Both techniques are formulated using Rayleigh-Sommerfield electric field propagation, making them valid in the non-paraxial geometries dictated for resolution estimation of lambda-scale devices. The generalized FPA MTF estimation approach numerically evaluates Rayleigh-Sommerfeld speckle irradiance autocorrelation functions (ACFs) to indirectly compute the power spectral density (PSD) of a non-wide-sense-stationary (WSS) speckle irradiance random process. The experimental error incurred by making WSS assumptions regarding the associated laser speckle random process is quantified utilizing the Wigner distribution function. This method is experimentally demonstrated on a lambda-scale longwave IR FPA, showing a 27% spatial frequency range improvement over established estimation methodology. Additionally, a resolution estimation approach, which utilizes an iterative maximum likelihood estimation approach and speckle irradiance ACFs to solve for a system impulse response, is developed and demonstrated with simulated speckle imagery

Alien Registration- Plummer, J Leslie (Fort Fairfield, Aroostook County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/35495/thumbnail.jp

The Origin Of Place Names In Powell, Granite, Deer Lodge, Missoula, And Ravalli Counties Of Montana

An investigation into the origin of place names in Powell, Granite, Deer Lodge, Missoula, and Ravalli counties of Montana is likely to be regarded by most people as an interesting by not particularly valuable pursuit. It is true that no might cities have arisen there, no great wars have been fought there, no new literature, architecture, music, no art has developed there. The value of the study of place names in Montana to the student of history would not be comparable to the value of such a study in a country of the Old World if the past alone be considered. But often the past can be understood only in the light of the present and future, and that is why historians as well as philologists and etymologists are intensely interested in actually watching the development of place names. By this method alone can they recover some of the concrete circumstances which have been lost in countries with an older history. Although the locality of the present investigation was chosen quite arbitrarily, nevertheless the five counties are not without certain features in common. All are contingent; all of the streams are tributaries of one large river -- the Clark Fork of the Columbia. A glance at the map will reveal that all five counties have wide valleys which converge like the spokes of a great wheel with its hub in the vicinity of Missoula.An investigation into the origin of place names in Powell, Granite, Deer Lodge, Missoula, and Ravalli counties of Montana is likely to be regarded by most people as an interesting by not particularly valuable pursuit. It is true that no might cities have arisen there, no great wars have been fought there, no new literature, architecture, music, no art has developed there. The value of the study of place names in Montana to the student of history would not be comparable to the value of such a study in a country of the Old World if the past alone be considered. But often the past can be understood only in the light of the present and future, and that is why historians as well as philologists and etymologists are intensely interested in actually watching the development of place names. By this method alone can they recover some of the concrete circumstances which have been lost in countries with an older history. Although the locality of the present investigation was chosen quite arbitrarily, nevertheless the five counties are not without certain features in common. All are contingent; all of the streams are tributaries of one large river -- the Clark Fork of the Columbia. A glance at the map will reveal that all five counties have wide valleys which converge like the spokes of a great wheel with its hub in the vicinity of Missoula.An investigation into the origin of place names in Powell, Granite, Deer Lodge, Missoula, and Ravalli counties of Montana is likely to be regarded by most people as an interesting by not particularly valuable pursuit. It is true that no might cities have arisen there, no great wars have been fought there, no new literature, architecture, music, no art has developed there. The value of the study of place names in Montana to the student of history would not be comparable to the value of such a study in a country of the Old World if the past alone be considered. But often the past can be understood only in the light of the present and future, and that is why historians as well as philologists and etymologists are intensely interested in actually watching the development of place names. By this method alone can they recover some of the concrete circumstances which have been lost in countries with an older history. Although the locality of the present investigation was chosen quite arbitrarily, nevertheless the five counties are not without certain features in common. All are contingent; all of the streams are tributaries of one large river -- the Clark Fork of the Columbia. A glance at the map will reveal that all five counties have wide valleys which converge like the spokes of a great wheel with its hub in the vicinity of Missoula

Alien Registration- Plummer, J K. (Fort Fairfield, Aroostook County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/35494/thumbnail.jp

A theoretical and practical investigation of guidance on the secondary school level.

Thesis (M.Ed.

Direct Dark Matter Detection with Velocity Distribution in the Eddington approach

Exotic dark matter together with the vacuum energy (associated with the cosmological constant) seem to dominate the Universe. Thus its direct detection is central to particle physics and cosmology. Supersymmetry provides a natural dark matter candidate, the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). One essential ingredient in obtaining the direct detection rates is the density and the velocity distribution of the LSP in our vicinity. In the present paper we study simultaneously density profiles and velocity distributions in the context of the Eddington approach. In such an approach, unlike the commonly assumed Maxwell-Boltzmann (M-B) distribution, the upper bound of the velocity arises naturally from the potential.Comment: 21 LaTex pages, 27 figure

Noncontacting devices to indicate deflection and vibration of turbopump internal rotating parts

Published report discusses feasibility of ultrasonic techniques; neutron techniques; X-radiography; optical devices; gamma ray devices; and conventional displacement sensors. Use of signal transmitters in place of slip rings indicated possible improvement and will be subject of futher study

Germination responses of a dry sclerophyll forest soil-stored seedbank to fire related cues

Fire is an integral component of many ecosystems worldwide. Many plant species require fire-related cues, primarily heat and smoke, to trigger germination. Despite the importance of this process, the responses of many Australian species to these cues are unknown. Without this knowledge fire management strategies may be developed that are inappropriate for individual species and vegetation communities. In this study we examined the responses of a dry sclerophyll forest seed bank to heat and smoke germination cues. Analysis was possible for 48 taxa within the soil seedbank with 34 of these showing a response to one or both of the germination cues. 10 species responded to the heat treatment, 11 species responded to the smoke treatment and 13 species responded to both the heat and smoke treatments. Germination cues acted independently for all species considered. Results in this study were consistent with published reports for most species, although some differences were seen at the species and genus level. The study highlights the importance of fire-related cues in enhancing germination of a large proportion of the species occurring in dry sclerophyll forests