E-Voting Solution for Romanian Parliament

Every year hundreds of millions of people vote in a variety of settings in many countries around the world. People vote in public elections to choose government leaders and also in private elections to determine the course of action for groups that people are organized in such as non-governmental organizations, unions, associations and corporations (shareholders). Voting is a widely spread, rather democratic, way of making decisions. More and more governments and private organizations realize that the use of new technologies such as the Internet can have beneficial impacts on elections - i.e. higher voter turnout and lower costs of conducting elections. The rules governing elections tend to be highly specialized to meet the specific needs of each type of organization. Most elections, however, require integrity, privacy and authentication.e-voting, elections, democracy, ngo, unions, government

A revision of the Lower Cretaceous foraminiferal genus Falsogaudryinella from northwest Europe and Romania, and its relationship to Uvigerinammina

We emend the definition of the foraminiferal genus Falsogaudryinella Bartenstein, 1977 based on observations of the type species, F. tealbyensis from the Barremian Lower Tealby Clay of Lincolnshire, U.K. The genus was described by Loeblich & Tappan (1987) as having initial triserial coiling which reduces to biserial and finally uniserial. However, topotype specimens display high trochospiral coiling in the microsphaeric generation, with at least four chambers in the initial whorl. The genus, therefore, does not belong in the family Verneuilinidae, but must be transferred to the Prolixoplectidae. The wall is solid, non-canaliculate. The connections between chambers are in the form of tubes that extend from the basal part of the chamber lumina toward a terminal aperture. This tubular connection is partially separated from the main part of the chamber lumina by a septum. The presence of this tubular connection in F. tealbyensis is closely analogous to that observed in the type species of Uvigerinammina Majzon, 1943. The two genera, therefore, are separated mainly on the basis of cement type, with Falsogaudryinella possessing calcareous cement and Uvigerinammina organic cement. We illustrate five species of Falsogaudryinella from the Barremian of Lincolnshire, the U.K. sector of the Central North Sea, and from the Barremian and the Albian of Romania (F. neagui Bartenstein, 1981, F. praemoesiana n.sp. F. tealbyensis (Bartenstein, 1956), F. xenogena n.sp. and F. moesiana (Neagu, 1966)). Our investigations reveal that upper Hauterivian to Barremian specimens from the North Sea that have been previously regarded as F. moesiana (e.g. King et al., 1989) in fact belong in a new species, Falsogaudryinella praemoesiana n.sp. A second new species, Falsogaudryinella xenogena n.sp. is described from the Barremian of the Central North Sea. Evolution within the mid- Cretaceous Falsogaudryinella group appears to progress by reduction of the terminal uniserial part, since the coiling in the stratigraphically youngest form (F. moesiana) is predominantly triserial. Our interpretations of the phylogeny of the Cretaceous Falsogaudryinella and Uvigerinammina lineages are presented

THE IMPACT OF THE CAP-AND-TRADE SYSTEM ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN ROMANIA

The issue of pollution is an important contemporary issue. Within the last 20 years, there have been global studies on how to stop global warming. The European Union is the world leader in concrete measures undertaken in this respect. The introduction of the cap-and-trade system, begun in 2005 with the carbon emission certificate trade mechanism is considered a a modest succes that needs perfecting. The new EU directives of 2009, that come into effect in 2013, test member countries in the area of conventional and renewable energy strategies which have to be adapted to the national environmental protection strategies.market failure, cap-and-trade, emission certificates, carbon market

INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE IN THE ANNUAL REPORTS OF ROMANIAN MANUFACTURING LISTED COMPANIES â€" THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

One of the most researched topic regarding financial reporting and disclosure of today is the way intellectual capital or knowledge assets contributes to the improving of the quality of information disclosed and create or add value to business performance. Also, it is acknowledged that a company has access to a variety of tools for disclosing information on intellectual capital. In our study we have decided to investigate the concept, the measurement models and the intellectual capital disclosure practices using as the source of our documentation books, articles, working papers and online publications. So, in the first part of our research we have presented several points of view in respect to the concept of knowledge assets or intellectual capital and in the second part we have reviewed the literature on the topic highlightening several scholars opinion on reporting and disclosure issues.knowledge, intellectual capital, reporting practices, disclosure, annual reports

The challenge of restoring debt sustainability in a deep economic recession: the case of Greece

The present paper studies the evolution of the Greek public debt ratio under different assumptions regarding the size and the degree of persistence of fiscal multiplies, the implementation profile of the applied fiscal adjustment and the response of financial markets to fiscal consolidation. The main results of our simulation exercise can be summarized as follows: a) taking into account Greece’s present debt ratio, a fiscal adjustment can lead to a contemporaneous increase in the ratio if the fiscal multiplier is higher than ca 0.5; b) despite the unprecedented improvement in the underlying fiscal position since 2010, the concomitant increase in the public debt ratio can be mainly attributed to its high initial level, a very wide initial structural deficit as well as the ensuing economic recession; c) notwithstanding its negative initial effects on domestic economic activity, the enormous fiscal effort undertaken over the last 5 years leaves the country’s debt ratio in a more sustainable path relative to a range of alternative scenarios assuming no adjustment or a more gradual implementat

A quick guide to one more Greek pension reform

Greek ruins tend to be picturesque, blending destroyed architectural fragments with dramatic settings. The succession of columns, marbles and pediments, after a few repetitions, becomes confusing; only the tourist with the good guidebook finds her way around. She does not miss the must-see bits and is able afterwards to put all the different ruins in a sequence that makes sense and can tell a story worth remembering

From the Flat to the City: The construction of Modern Greek Subjectivity

Athens is not built by large scale masterplans. Large public or private housing projects are nowhere to be found. Even an empirical observation of the city makes one thing immediately apparent: the city is defined by a construction model that is actualised by a singular building unit. The polykatoikia systems, is made of buildings, on average four to five storeys high, organized in irregular, fragmented plots in a patchwork of discontinuous grids, made of in situ, labour-intensive concrete frames, filled with bricks, plastered, something that ultimately looks like a stack of slabs with rather continuous balconies. The essay develops a critical reading of this model, presenting the way this domestic environment and distinct architectural typology mediated social conflict and economic development in post-war Greece. Architecture and urban management are presented here relating production with the role and the function of family and inheritance, the real estate market, law, and the construction industry

Grexit and Brexit, past and future: intertwined tales?

Only one letter separates Grexit from Brexit. Against expectations Grexit (from the Eurozone) did not materialise in 2015. A year later, expectations were also confounded as Brexit (from the EU) inexorably unfolds. The two processes, one contingent and the other all too real, have intertwined in the past: the Greek crisis provided a potent image of what leaving the EU could avoid. Grexit was instrumental in bringing forth Brexit. In the future, the causality will be reversed: Brexit will change the background and the rules where the decisive acts of the Greek crisis will be played out

Pension poor and housing rich in Greece? A generational perspective argues for policy entrepreneurship

The Greek crisis can be framed as an ageing narrative. Greece confronted dilemmas that all ageing societies are bound to face. For example, it was forced in June 2015 to choose between discharging a legal obligation – repaying the IMF– and an ethical obligation – paying pensions; ethics won out. Pensions crop up in every juncture of the crisis – most recently during the third bailout. Future ageing issues have been telescoped forward