The Transformation of Tessie Hutchinson: A Character Analysis

The short story “The Lottery” by Shirley Jackson, is not the ordinary lottery we are all used to today. In the beginning it may seem that way but, in the end, it turns into a sort a sacrifice. The main character in this short story is Mrs. Hutchinson (Tessie) and she shows no fear of this lottery like her neighbors do. In my paper, The Transformation of Tessie, I argue that Tessie does not take the lottery seriously until she has a chance as being chosen as the sacrifice. To defend my position, I used support from three literary critics who analyzed the story who deepened my understanding of Tessie. Faculty Sponsor: Robert Dixon-Kola

The Early Modern Warrior: Three Explorations of Samurai Life

Three essays explore the lesser-known aspects of a Samurai warrior's experience: food, shopping, and travel. Begins with a biographical sketch of the most famous warrior in Japanese history, Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616)Early Modern Japan NetworkSketch of a Warrior: Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616) -- Warrior Demography and Society -- Warrior Cultural Practices -- Urban Warrior

Mendocino: race relations in a northern California county, 1850-1949.

Beginning in the 1850s, California became a multi-cultural, multi-ethnic society where many cultures met and engaged in a struggle for wealth and cultural dominance. This study documents such an encounter between two of those groups, Anglo Americans and Indians, in the Northern California county of Mendocino. It argues that race was the most crucial element underlying the development of the society in Mendocino County from the frontier era to the Great Depression. Anglo American settlers brought with them to California clearly defined ideas about race that helped them justify conquest of the Indians. Greed for land combined with the racial ideology of the era to create a frontier society where race largely determined the control of land, resources, and power. Indians and other people Anglos defined as nonwhite became a cheap workforce with limited access to the promise of California. Geographically isolated rural counties like Mendocino tended to be narrow and provincial. In such regions race was an even more potent force than in more cosmopolitan parts of the state. In spite of racial divisions, some white reformers and employees of the federal government worked on behalf of the Indians. Although well meaning, they often acted as agents of assimilation policies that undermined and disrupted native cultures. At times, however, some of them became agents of change, helping the Indians find ways to resist and survive attacks on them. And against all odds, Indian people did find ways to survive, most often from their own efforts, not those of reformers. Using complex strategies of accommodation and resistance, they adapted to a changed world by drawing on traditions of community and spirituality inherent in California Indian village life. New leaders emerged and in concert with white reformers, some Indians began to actively organize, first around issues of education and land, and later for an end to segregation and the right to vote. But in spite of many gains, racial divisions on the local level remained strong, indicating that in a region with such a history, reform without attention to the importance of race is unlikely to create fundamental change

A nesting study of the Black-throated Green Warbler Dendroica virens virens (Gmelin).

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/51683/1/109.pd

Ecological Studies on the Alaskan Arctic Slope

Considers the tundra, or terrestrial environment and animal ecology primarily, citing the prime role of the Naval Arctic Research Lab at Barrow since 1947, in making the North Arctic Slope and adjacent waters one of the best-known sectors of the Arctic. The International Biological Program includes analysis of ecosystems and human adaptability, which demand study in the Arctic, where tundra, a low temperature extreme among ecosystem-types on the land, has a special importance. Future work will require ecologists, physiologists, taxonomists, climatologists, geomorphologists, pediologists and others to understand the tundra habitat and its populations as a total system. The complexity is illustrated by a flow diagram for energy and nutrients in tundra ecosystems and of the energy cycle in the biosphere, with comments on specific problems. Little is known about decomposition processes or life cycles of insects upon which birds feed; more quantitative observation and measurement of vegetation, the base of the food web, is needed. Factors and strategies which influence diversity of animal species in the tundra are discussed. Need to deal with ecology of the normal tundra is crucial, for with discovery of oil in northern Alaska, there is a need to deal with a damaged tundra

Seasonal Patterns of Abundance of Tundra Arthropods near Barrow

Arthropods active on the surface of the tundra near Barrow, Alaska, were trapped throughout four summer seasons (1966-1969), using "sticky-board" traps. More than 95% of the arthropods (excluding Acarina and Collembola) captured were of the order Diptera. Adults of most species of Diptera emerged in the middle two weeks of July; the abundance of arthropods on the tundra surface was maximal at that time. Year-to-year variations in abundance of various arthropod taxa are related to prevailing weather conditions and to the cycle of tundra disturbance and recovery associated with the abundance of brown lemmings.Modalités de l’abondance des arthropodes de la toundra selon les saisons, près de Barrow.  Près de Barrow, Alaska, on a, ou cours des quatre étés (1966-1969), capturé au moyen de pièges à glu les arthropodes actifs à la surface de la toundra.  Plus de 95 pour cent des arthropodes capturés (à l’exclusion des Acariens et des Collemboles) appartenaient à l’ordre des Diptères.  Les adultes de la plupart des espèces de Diptères apparaissaient au cours des deux semaines du milieu de juillet : c’est à ce moment que les arthropodes étaient les plus nombreux à la surface de la toundra.  Les variations annuelles d’abondance des divers taxa d’arthropodes sont liées aux conditions du temps et au cycle de déprédation et de reprise de la toundra selon l’abondance des lemmings

Efficiency of Winter Scavengers in the Arctic

Frozen carcasses of brown lemmings, Lemmus trimucronatus, were systematically placed under the snow in various tundra habitats in the fall of 1961 (188), 1962 (201) and 1963 (205) near Barrow, Alaska. Only 8 carcasses were recovered in the following springs. Removal of the carcasses is attributed to: arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) and red fox (Vulpes fulva); brown lemming; the least weasel (Mustela rixosa). Observations of behaviour, systematic trapping and examination of scats were used to suggest the relative importance of these consumers of lemming carrion in the order given above. The inability of investigators of lemming population cycles to find the carcasses of lemmings that die during the winter months is explained by the unusual efficiency of these species in locating and using frozen carrion during the winter months