Bradyrhizobium ingae sp. nov., isolated from effective nodules of Inga laurina grown in Cerrado soil

Root-nodule bacteria were isolated from lnga laurina (Sw.) Willd. growing in the Cerrado Amazon region, State of Roraima, Brazil. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of six strains (BR 10250(T), BR 10248, BR 10249, BR 10251, BR 10252 and BR 10253) showed low similarities with currently described species of the genus Bradyrhizobium. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences of five housekeeping genes (dnaK, gyrB, recA and rpoB) revealed Bradyrhizobium iriomotense EKO5(T) to be the closest type strain (97.4% sequence similarity or less). Chemotaxonomic data, including fatty acid profiles [with the major components C-16:0 and summed feature 8 (C-18:1 omega 6c/C-18:1 omega 7c)], the slow growth rate and carbon compound utilization patterns supported the assignment of our strains to the genus Bradyrhizobium. Results from DNA DNA hybridizations and physiological traits differentiated our strains from the closest related species of the genus Bradyrhizobium with validly published names. Sequences of symbiosis-related genes for nodulation (nodC) and nitrogen fixation (nifH) grouped together with those of B. iriomotense EKO5(T) and Bradyrhizobium sp. strains BR 6610 (used as a commercial inoculant for Inga marginata in Brazil) and TUXTLAS-10 (previously observed in Central America). Based on these data, the six strains represent a novel species, for which the name Bradyrhizobium ingae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BR 10250(T) (=HAMBI 3600(T))

Caracterização da região espaçadora 16-23S rDNA para diferenciação de estirpes de rizóbios utilizadas na produção de inoculantes comerciais no Brasil Characterization of the spacer region 16-23S rDNA for differentiation of strains of rhizobia used in the production of commercial inoculants in Brazil

A identificação de estirpes de rizóbio tem sido feita pela especificidade por hospedeiros e ensaios microbiológicos tradicionais. Por constituírem um grupo filogeneticamente heterogêneo, diferentes técnicas moleculares têm sido empregadas para auxiliar na caracterização genética e na identificação de estirpes eficientes e competitivas para a produção de inoculantes. Este trabalho teve por objetivos caracterizar a região espaçadora 16S-23S rDNA das estirpes de rizóbios utilizadas nos inoculantes comercializados no Brasil para espécies leguminosas, utilizando a técnica da PCR em combinação com a de RFLP, e avaliar a possibilidade do uso desse marcador molecular como método auxiliar para identificação das estipes. A amplificação da região espaçadora 16-23 S rDNA das estirpes de rizóbios gerou fragmentos com tamanhos que variaram entre 700pb e 1350pb. Os produtos resultantes da amplificação foram submetidos à digestão com as endonucleases. Mps I, Dde I e Hae III. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo indicam a possibilidade do uso da técnica de PCR-RFLP da região espaçadora 16S-23S rDNA como marcador molecular para a diferenciar as estirpes de rizóbios, em complemento às técnicas microbiológicas tradicionais. Contudo, este marcador não é suficientemente discriminatório para ser usado na identificação das estirpes recomendadas para a produção de inoculantes comerciais.<br>The identification of strains of rhizobia has been made by host specificity and regular microbiological tests. By forming a phylogenetically heterogeneous group, different molecular techniques have been employed to assist in the genetic characterization and identification of efficient and competitive strains for production of inoculants. This study aimed to characterize the spacer region 16S-23S rDNA of the strains of rhizobia used in commercial inoculants in Brazil for legume species, using PCR combined with RFLP, and assess the possibility of using this molecular marker as an auxiliary method for identification of strains. The amplification of the 16-23 S rDNA spacer region of rhizobium strains generated fragments with sizes ranging between 700 and 1350bp. Products from the amplification were subjected to digestion with Mps I, Dde I and Hae III endonucleases. The results indicated the possibility of using the technique of PCR-RFLP of 16S-23S spacer region rDNA as molecular marker to differentiate most strains tested and recommended for production of inoculants, in addition to the traditional microbiological techniques. However, this marker is not sufficiently discriminatory to be used in the identification of the strains recommended for the production of commercial inoculants