Magnetic Field Effects near the launching region of Astrophysical Jets

One of the fundamental properties of astrophysical magnetic fields is their ability to change topology through reconnection and in doing so, to release magnetic energy, sometimes violently. In this work, we review recent results on the role of magnetic reconnection and associated heating and particle acceleration in jet/accretion disk systems, namely young stellar objects (YSOs), microquasars, and active galactic nuclei (AGNs).Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, invited paper for the Procs. of the Conference on High Energy Phenomena in Relativistic Outflows II, Buenos Aires, October 2009. Submitted to International Journal of Modern Physics

Conciliação entre desenvolvimento e conservação no Pantanal Mato-Grossense: interesse do proprietário e da coletividade.

A economia do Pantanal Mato-grossense é essencialmente baseada na pecuária extensiva, onde os animais domésticos dividem os ambientes com a fauna nativa. A região foi designada pela UNESCO como Reserva da Biosfera e é considerado um dos mais bem preservados biomas da América do Sul. Como mais de 70% da área total do Pantanal é ocupada por propriedades privadas e a pecuária vem sofrendo mudanças em sua economia ocorrem na região um crescente desmatamento e conseqüente alteração na interface da fauna com os animais domésticos. O grande desafio para a região do Pantanal para o século 21 é promover o desenvolvimento sustentável. Nesse sentido, objetivando conciliar a produção e a manutenção do ambiente natural, esse trabalho relata algumas estratégias de manejo com o gado e ações conservacionistas que estão sendo realizadas em uma fazenda tradicional no Pantanal da Nhecolândia.Disponível também em: Cadernos de Agroecologia, V. 5, n.1, 2010

Investigation of pseudorabies vírus infection in Brazilian feral swine populations.

Projeto/Plano de Ação: 02.11.01.006

Enfermidades de ocorrência no porco monteiro (Sus scrofa) no Pantanal Sul- Mato-grossense, Brasil.

A brucelose, leptospirose e doença de Aujeszky vem sendo estudadas em porco silvestre no pantanal sul-mato-grossense. No período de 2002 a 2007, foram capturados 193 animais sendo 62 na sub-região de Nhecolandia e 131 na sub região de Rio Negro. Deste total, 162 amostras foram examinadas para diagnosticar de brucelose sendo que oito apresentaram reação positiva ao teste com antígeno acidificado tamponado (AAT). No entanto, somente duas foram confirmadas pelo exame de soroaglutinação lenta com 2-mercaptoetanol (2-ME). Para diagnostico de leptospirose foram examinados 75 soros, sete dos quais foram reagentes para a doença (9,3%). Bovinos, suínos domésticos e cães da região da Nhecolandia também foram testado para a doença. Os resultados apresentam reação em 11/35 bovinos e 6/25 cães. Nenhum dos nove porcos domésticos amostrados foi reagente. Dentre as 165 amostra submetida ao teste de ELISA para exame da doença de Aujeszky, 34 (36,5%) foram soropositivos sendo 70,6% proveniente de fêmeas. Em vários animais foram encontrados adultos de Macracanthorhynchus Hirudinaceus, Stephanurus dentatus e MetasfrongylusPublicado também em: 35º CONBRAVET

Blastocerus dichotomus (Illger, 1815).

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Evaluation of HBV-Like circulation in wild and farm animals from Brazil and Uruguay.

The origin of the hepatitis B virus is a subject of wide deliberation among researchers. As a result, increasing academic interest has focused on the spread of the virus in different animal species. However, the sources of viral infection for many of these animals are unknown since transmission may occur from animal to animal, human to human, animal to human, and human to animal. The aim of this study was to evaluate hepadnavirus circulation in wild and farm animals (including animals raised under wild or free conditions) from different sites in Brazil and Uruguay using serological and molecular tools. A total of 487 domestic wild and farm animals were screened for hepatitis B virus (HBV) serological markers and tested via quantitative and qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect viral DNA. We report evidence of HBsAg (surface antigen of HBV) and total anti-HBc (HBV core antigen) markers as well as low-copy hepadnavirus DNA among domestic and wild animals. According to our results, which were confirmed by partial genome sequencing, as the proximity between humans and animals increases, the potential for pathogen dispersal also increases. A wider knowledge and understanding of reverse zoonoses should be sought for an effective One Health response

Sistemas ILPF e transferência de tecnologia nos estados do Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe e Bahia.

Principais combinações de culturas por subsistema e estimativas de adoção de sistemas ILPF nos estados; Critérios metodológicos utilizados para orientar a seleção de áreas para ações de transferência de tecnologia em sistemas ILPF; Casos de sucesso de adoção de sistemas ILPF; Fatores determinantes para a adoção de sistemas ILPF; Empecilhos à adoção de sistemas ILPF.bitstream/item/215101/1/Sistemas-ILPF-e-transferencia-de-tecnologia-nos-estados-2019.pd

Habitat selection in natural and human-modified landscapes by capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), an important host for Amblyomma sculptum ticks.

Human activities are changing landscape structure and function globally, affecting wildlife space use, and ultimately increasing human-wildlife conflicts and zoonotic disease spread. Capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) are linked to conflicts in human-modified landscapes (e.g. crop damage, vehicle collision), as well as the spread and amplification of Brazilian spotted fever (BSF), the most human-lethal tick-borne disease in the world. Even though it is essential to understand the link between capybaras, ticks and BSF, many knowledge gaps still exist regarding the effects of human disturbance in capybara space use. Here, we analyzed diurnal and nocturnal habitat selection strategies of capybaras across natural and human-modified landscapes using resource selection functions (RSF). Selection for forested habitats was higher across human-modified landscapes, mainly during day- periods, when compared to natural landscapes. Across natural landscapes, capybaras avoided forests during both day- and night periods. Water was consistently selected across both landscapes, during day- and nighttime. Distance to water was also the most important variable in predicting capybara habitat selection across natural landscapes. Capybaras showed slightly higher preferences for areas near grasses/shrubs across natural landscapes, and distance to grasses/shrubs was the most important variable in predicting capybara habitat selection across human-modified landscapes. Our results demonstrate human-driven variation in habitat selection strategies by capybaras. This behavioral adjustment across human-modified landscapes may be related to increases in A. sculptum density, ultimately affecting BSF

Tapping into non-English-language science for the conservation of global biodiversity.

The widely held assumption that any important scientific information would be available in English underlies the underuse of non-English-language science across disciplines. However, non-English-language science is expected to bring unique and valuable scientific information, especially in disciplines where the evidence is patchy, and for emergent issues where synthesising available evidence is an urgent challenge. Yet such contribution of non-English-language science to scientific communities and the application of science is rarely quantified. Here, we show that non-English-language studies provide crucial evidence for informing global biodiversity conservation. By screening 419,679 peer-reviewed papers in 16 languages, we identified 1,234 non-English-language studies providing evidence on the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation interventions, compared to 4,412 English-language studies identified with the same criteria. Relevant non-English-language studies are being published at an increasing rate in 6 out of the 12 languages where there were a sufficient number of relevant studies. Incorporating non-English-language studies can expand the geographical coverage (i.e., the number of 2° × 2° grid cells with relevant studies) of English-language evidence by 12% to 25%, especially in biodiverse regions, and taxonomic coverage (i.e., the number of species covered by the relevant studies) by 5% to 32%, although they do tend to be based on less robust study designs. Our results show that synthesising non-English-language studies is key to overcoming the widespread lack of local, context-dependent evidence and facilitating evidence-based conservation globally. We urge wider disciplines to rigorously reassess the untapped potential of non-English-language science in informing decisions to address other global challenges. Please see the Supporting information files for Alternative Language Abstracts