Vpliv rabe tal na dinamiko fosforja v tleh golfišč

<p class="auto-style17">Although, it is usually considered that P applied in fertilizers is taken up by crops or immobilized in the soil, and therefore P losses from agro systems is negligible; recent research indicates that significant P leaching out of the root zone, can occur where certain combinations of land use practice, soil properties and climate condition exist. Therefore special attention was given to dynamics of total P (TP) and plant available P in golf course soils. A field study was carried out to assess how different environmental condition and management practices affect dynamics of TP and plant available P in soil. The proportions of plant available P and TP in the golf rough significantly correlated with precipitation. Since no relationship between precipitation and the P dynamics in soil on the greens and fairways was observed.</p

Aleurocanthus camelliae Kanmiya & Kasai, 2011 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), a newly intercepted whitefly species in Croatia

The Camellia spiny whitefly Aleurocanthus camelliae Kanmiya & Kasai, 2011 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was intercepted for the first time during 2022 in consignments with ornamental Camellia spp. seedlings originating from Italy, in seven plant nurseries and garden centres in Croatia. This Eastern Palearctic whitefly species is an important pest, especially in tea cultivation of East Asia. However, in Croatia the species has been detected at very low population densities without any significant damage to the infested ornamental plants of the genus Camellia L. From the infested leaves collected on each location, whitefly puparia and pupal cases were slide-mounted and morphologically identified in laboratory as the species A. camelliae. It is assumed that in the case of spreading and domestication in Croatia, A. camelliae could potentially present a phytosanitary risk for the camellias planted in gardens and parks in the Kvarner area

Scolothrips longicornis Priesner, 1926 – A NEW THRIPS SPECIES FOR CROATIA

Scolothrips longicornis Priesner, 1926 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae: Thripinae) is a predaceous thrips species originating from Western-Palearctic zoogeographical region. It is a predator of all stages of spider mites from the family Tetranychidae. S. longicornis has been recorded in many European countries: Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Austria, France, Spain, Italy, United Kingdom and Finland. In Europe, findings of six species from the genus Scolothrips Hinds, 1902, have been recorded, S. longicornis including. S. longicornis was found for the first time in Croatia in 2017 on leaves of soybean and ornamental plants Hydrangea sp. and Datura sp. in greenhouses. In 2018, the species was also recorded on indoor Alocasia sp. Predatory thrips species was present on leaves of plants in association with polyphagous spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1889. Thrips and spider mites present in collected samples were identified to the species level on the basis of microscopic morphological characters, using classical identification method according to relevant morphological keys. Since, S. longicornis is a new thrips species for the fauna of Croatia and one of the numerous newly discovered, the last published national check list of thrips fauna should be updated

Scolothrips longicornis Priesner, 1926 – A NEW THRIPS SPECIES FOR CROATIA

Scolothrips longicornis Priesner, 1926 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae: Thripinae) is a predaceous thrips species originating from Western-Palearctic zoogeographical region. It is a predator of all stages of spider mites from the family Tetranychidae. S. longicornis has been recorded in many European countries: Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Austria, France, Spain, Italy, United Kingdom and Finland. In Europe, findings of six species from the genus Scolothrips Hinds, 1902, have been recorded, S. longicornis including. S. longicornis was found for the first time in Croatia in 2017 on leaves of soybean and ornamental plants Hydrangea sp. and Datura sp. in greenhouses. In 2018, the species was also recorded on indoor Alocasia sp. Predatory thrips species was present on leaves of plants in association with polyphagous spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1889. Thrips and spider mites present in collected samples were identified to the species level on the basis of microscopic morphological characters, using classical identification method according to relevant morphological keys. Since, S. longicornis is a new thrips species for the fauna of Croatia and one of the numerous newly discovered, the last published national check list of thrips fauna should be updated

EVALUATION OF EFFICACY DOCUMENTATION

Zadovoljavajuća učinkovitost jedan je od uvjeta za odobravanje sredstava za zaštitu bilja na razini Europske unije, a time i u Republici Hrvatskoj. Ocjena učinkovitosti sredstava za zaštitu bilja mora biti pozitivna, tj. sredstvo mora pružati optimalnu učinkovitost u zaštiti od štetnih organizama, mora biti sigurno za kulturno bilje i biljne proizvode te ne smije imati neprihvatljive učinke na neciljane organizme i biljke. U Republici Hrvatskoj ocjenu učinkovitosti sredstava za zaštitu bilja provode stručnjaci Centra za zaštitu bilja (HAPIH). Odredbama Uredbe (EZ) br. 1107/2009 (European Commission, 2009.) i pratećom legislativom Europska unija nastoji održati visoku razinu produktivnosti u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji te u najvećoj mogućoj mjeri jamčiti sigurnost poljoprivrednim proizvođačima, stabilnost njihovih prinosa i osiguranje visoke kakvoće hrane i ostalih poljoprivrednih proizvoda.Satisfactory level of efficacy in the process of documentation evaluation is one of the major postulates for authorisation of plant protection products on the European Union level and, thus, in Croatia. Evaluation of plant protection products documentation in terms of effectiveness must be positive i.e., the product must provide optimal efficacy against harmful organisms and safety for cultivated plants and plant products and cannot have any unacceptable effect on non-target organisms and plants. In Croatia, the evaluation of efficacy documentation is carried out by experts from the Centre for Plant Protection (HAPIH). Provisions of the EU Regulation (EC) No. 1107/2009 and accompanying legislation, tend to maintain a high level in agricultural productivity, guarantee safety for agricultural producers, ensure yield stability and secure high-quality food and other agricultural products

EVALUATION OF EFFICACY DOCUMENTATION

Zadovoljavajuća učinkovitost jedan je od uvjeta za odobravanje sredstava za zaštitu bilja na razini Europske unije, a time i u Republici Hrvatskoj. Ocjena učinkovitosti sredstava za zaštitu bilja mora biti pozitivna, tj. sredstvo mora pružati optimalnu učinkovitost u zaštiti od štetnih organizama, mora biti sigurno za kulturno bilje i biljne proizvode te ne smije imati neprihvatljive učinke na neciljane organizme i biljke. U Republici Hrvatskoj ocjenu učinkovitosti sredstava za zaštitu bilja provode stručnjaci Centra za zaštitu bilja (HAPIH). Odredbama Uredbe (EZ) br. 1107/2009 (European Commission, 2009.) i pratećom legislativom Europska unija nastoji održati visoku razinu produktivnosti u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji te u najvećoj mogućoj mjeri jamčiti sigurnost poljoprivrednim proizvođačima, stabilnost njihovih prinosa i osiguranje visoke kakvoće hrane i ostalih poljoprivrednih proizvoda.Satisfactory level of efficacy in the process of documentation evaluation is one of the major postulates for authorisation of plant protection products on the European Union level and, thus, in Croatia. Evaluation of plant protection products documentation in terms of effectiveness must be positive i.e., the product must provide optimal efficacy against harmful organisms and safety for cultivated plants and plant products and cannot have any unacceptable effect on non-target organisms and plants. In Croatia, the evaluation of efficacy documentation is carried out by experts from the Centre for Plant Protection (HAPIH). Provisions of the EU Regulation (EC) No. 1107/2009 and accompanying legislation, tend to maintain a high level in agricultural productivity, guarantee safety for agricultural producers, ensure yield stability and secure high-quality food and other agricultural products

Dendrothrips ornatus (Jablonowski, 1894) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) – UNKNOWN PEST OF PRIVET IN CROATIA SO FAR

Trips kaline Dendrothrips ornatus (Jablonowski, 1894.) nađen je prvi put u Hrvatskoj na biljkama kaline u živoj ogradi u Čazmi, u lipnju 2020. Listovi su na gornjoj strani bili jako srebrnasti, a na naličju su detektirane brojne žute ličinke tripsa. Vrsta tripsa u uzorku identificirana je na osnovi morfoloških karakteristika odraslih ženki, s pomoću relevantnih ključeva. D. ornatus je Palearktička vrsta proširena diljem Europe. Polifagan je štetnik koji živi i razmnožava se na listovima kaline, jorgovana, jasena, johe, lijeske i lipe.Privet thrips Dendrothrips ornatus (Jablonowski, 1894) was detected for the first time in Croatia in privet hedge in Čazma in June 2020. The upper surface of leaves was noticeably silvery and on lower surface numerous yellow thrips’ larvae were detected. Adult thrips specimens isolated from the sample were identified to the species level on the basis of morphological characters of adult females, using classical identification method according to the relevant morphological keys. D. ornatus is a Palearctic species widespread in Europe. It is a polyphagous pest, living and breeding on leaves of privet, syringa, ash, alder, hazel and lime

Dendrothrips ornatus (Jablonowski, 1894) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) – UNKNOWN PEST OF PRIVET IN CROATIA SO FAR

Trips kaline Dendrothrips ornatus (Jablonowski, 1894.) nađen je prvi put u Hrvatskoj na biljkama kaline u živoj ogradi u Čazmi, u lipnju 2020. Listovi su na gornjoj strani bili jako srebrnasti, a na naličju su detektirane brojne žute ličinke tripsa. Vrsta tripsa u uzorku identificirana je na osnovi morfoloških karakteristika odraslih ženki, s pomoću relevantnih ključeva. D. ornatus je Palearktička vrsta proširena diljem Europe. Polifagan je štetnik koji živi i razmnožava se na listovima kaline, jorgovana, jasena, johe, lijeske i lipe.Privet thrips Dendrothrips ornatus (Jablonowski, 1894) was detected for the first time in Croatia in privet hedge in Čazma in June 2020. The upper surface of leaves was noticeably silvery and on lower surface numerous yellow thrips’ larvae were detected. Adult thrips specimens isolated from the sample were identified to the species level on the basis of morphological characters of adult females, using classical identification method according to the relevant morphological keys. D. ornatus is a Palearctic species widespread in Europe. It is a polyphagous pest, living and breeding on leaves of privet, syringa, ash, alder, hazel and lime

New species from the family Psyllidae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) recorded in Croatia

Lisne buhe (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) sitni su kukci koje je u prirodi teško otkriti, posebno kada se nalaze u populacijama niskog intenziteta. Procjenjuje se da je u svijetu do danas opisano oko 4000 vrsta klasificiranih u sedam porodica. Samo manji broj vrsta ubraja se u važne poljoprivredne štetnike, a u posljednje vrijeme dobivaju na značaju zahvaljujući spoznaji da prenose uzročnike biljnih bolesti. Faunističko istraživanje lisnih buha u Hrvatskoj započelo je 2015. godine. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je sastaviti popis vrsta lisnih buha prisutnih u Hrvatskoj, uz pregled pripadajućih biljaka domaćina, kao i utvrditi potencijalno prisustvo nekih do danas u Hrvatskoj nepoznatih vrsta. Odrasli primjerci lisnih buha uzorkovani su entomološkim kečerom ili metodom otresanja biljaka na bijelu podlogu te su usnim aspiratorom prikupljani u Falcon epruvete i do laboratorijske analize pohranjeni u 70% etilni alkohol. Identifikacija vrsta provedena je klasičnom makroskopskom i mikroskopskom analizom na osnovi morfoloških karakteristika odraslih stadija i genitalija mužjaka, vrlo rijetko i ženki, uz korištenje dihotomnih ključeva dostupnih u literaturi. U periodu od 2015. do 2021. godine sljedeće vrste lisnih buha iz porodice Psyllidae zabilježene su po prvi puta u Hrvatskoj: Diaphorina chobauti Puton, 1898, Arytaina genistae (Latreille, 1805), Cacopsylla brunneipennis (Edwards, 1896), Cacopsylla myrthi (Puton, 1876), Cacopsylla saliceti (Foerster, 1848), Livilla variegata (Löw, 1881), Psylla foersteri Flor, 1861 i Psylla hartigii Flor, 1861.Psyllids or jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) are a relatively small group of insects. Some 4000 species have been described so far, classified in seven families. Due to their smally body size they often go unnoticed on their host plants. Not many psyllid species are known as plant pests, but they have recently gained attention as vectors of some very harmful plant pathogens. Field survey of psyllid fauna in Croatia started in 2015, with an aim to compile a check-list of psyllid species, with an emphasis on detecting new, previously unrecorded species, together with their host plants. Adult psyllids were collected with entomological fine mesh sweeping net or by beating of branches on a white tray. Entomofauna was subsequently collected with a mouth aspirator and deposited into 70% ethanol until laboratory identification. Species were identified following classical identification methods based on morphological characteristics of adults and male, rarely female, genitalia, using identification keys available from the literature. During the period 2015-2021 following species from the family Psyllidae were recorded for the first time in Croatia: Diaphorina chobauti Puton, 1898, Arytaina genistae (Latreille, 1805), Cacopsylla brunneipennis (Edwards, 1896), Cacopsylla myrthi (Puton, 1876), Cacopsylla saliceti (Foerster, 1848), Livilla variegata (Löw, 1881), Psylla foersteri Flor, 1861 and Psylla hartigii Flor, 1861

Fitofagni kukci iz podreda Sternorrhyncha (Hemiptera) na agrumima u Mediteranskom bazenu i rizik od unosa i uzrokovanja šteta u Hrvatskoj

First aim of this review paper is to make the checklist of the most important phytophagous insects from the Sternorrhyncha (Hemiptera) suborder that may feed on plants from genus Citrus, Fortunella and Poncirus, present in the Mediterranean basin. Second aim is to compare the mentioned list with Croatian findings from relevant literature. Third aim is to separate and describe possible risk for introduction and harmfulness of the most harmful species in Croatia. In the literature review 46 species (17 aphids, 21 scale insects, 6 whiteflies and 2 psyllids) which may feed on citrus plants were found to be present in selected countries. Out of that number, 37 species (13 aphids, 18 scale insects and 6 whiteflies) are reported for Croatia. Based on their potential to cause damages, ability to spread and the vicinity of the countries in which they are found, following species if introduced could be potential threat for citrus growing areas in Croatia: Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), Aonidiella citrina (Craw, 1890), Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861), Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio, 1918), Aleurothrixus flocossus (Maskell, 1896) and Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana, 1927).Prvi cilj ovog preglednog rada je napraviti popis najvažnijih fitofagnih kukaca iz podreda Sternorrhyncha (Hemiptera) prisutnih u Mediteranskom bazenu kojima domaćini mogu biti biljne vrste iz rodova Citrus, Fortunella i Poncirus. Drugi cilj je usporediti navedeni popis s vrstama utvrđenim u Hrvatskoj temeljem dostupne relevantne literature. Treći cilj je izdvojiti i opisati najštetnije vrste za koje postoji rizik od unosa i uzrokovanja šteta u Hrvatskoj. Literaturnim pregledom u odabranim zemljama utvrđeno je 46 vrsta kukaca kojima domaćini mogu biti agrumi (17 lisnih uši, 21 štitastih uši, 6 štitastih moljaca i 2 lisne buhe). Od toga je 37 vrsta kukaca (13 lisnih uši, 18 štitastih uši i 6 štitastih moljaca) nađeno u Hrvatskoj. Na temelju njihovog potencijala uzrokovanja šteta, sposobnosti širenja i blizine zemalja u kojima su prisutni, nekoliko vrsta kukaca u slučaju unosa mogu predstavljati potencijalnu opasnost za uzgojna područja agruma u Hrvatskoj: Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), Aonidiella citrina (Craw, 1890), Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861), Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio, 1918), Aleurothrixus flocossus (Maskell, 1896) i Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana, 1927)