Cholestasis of pregnancy: a prospective analysis from a South Andaman teaching hospital

Background: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (IHCP) is one of the commonest pregnancy related liver disorder. Although the maternal course is usually benign, there is an increased risk of spontaneous preterm delivery, fetal compromise, meconium stained amniotic fluid and even intrauterine fetal demise. The objective of this study was to study the incidence of IHCP and its impact on maternal and perinatal outcome.Methods: A prospective study carried out in 68 number of IHCP cases. Diagnosis was done on the basis of clinical and laboratory parameters. All the cases were followed up to the puerperium to find out maternal and perinatal outcome.Results: The incidence of cholestasis of pregnancy was 2.73%. Most (88%) of the cases were presented with generalized pruritus, relived with ursodeoxycholic acid and complete recovery was observed after delivery. The rate of instrumental delivery was 8.82% and caesarean section rate was 30.88%. Most common indication of caesarean section was fetal distress and non-progress of labour. There was one stillbirth at 35 weeks however none of the mother had complication during labour or puerperal period.Conclusions: Increased level of liver enzymes in patients of IHCP associated with poor perinatal outcome. Therefore, careful monitoring during antenatal period and termination of pregnancy at term will result in favourable outcome of both mother and baby

Enhanced Synthetic Access to Tris-CF₃-Substituted Corroles

Separate focus on the oligomerization and oxidative cyclization steps required for the synthesis of 5,10,15-tris(trifluoromethyl)corrole revealed [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene (PIFA) as a superior alternative oxidant. Under optimized conditions, the pure free-base corrole was obtained with a 6-fold increase in chemical yield and an 11-fold rise in isolated material per synthesis. The corresponding gallium(III) and manganese(III) complexes were isolated by adding the appropriate metal salt prior to corrole purification

Growth attributes of malt barley (Hordeum vulgare) as influenced by fertility levels and liquid biofertilizers

The experiments were conducted during winter (rabi) seasons of 2020–21 and 2021–22 at Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan to study the effect of fertility levels and biofertilizers on malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Factorial randomized block design (F-RBD) was used comprising 15 treatment combinations involved 3 fertility levels, viz. 50 N + 25 P2O5 + 15 K2O kg/ha; 60 N + 30 P2O5 + 20 K2O kg/ha; and 70 N + 40 P2O5 + 25 K2O kg/ha; alongside 5 liquid biofertilizers, viz. control; Azotobacter; Phosphorous solubilizing bacteria; Potassium mobilizing bacteria; and Azotobacter + Phosphorous solubilizing bacteria + Potassium mobilizing bacteria. The findings indicate that applying a fertilizer combination of 70 N + 40 P2O5 + 25 K2O kg/ha to malt barley crop significantly enhanced plant height at harvest (118.74 cm), dry- matter accumulation/m row at harvest (356.88 g), leaf area index (LAI) at 50 DAS (days after sowing) (1.69) and 75 DAS (2.87), number of total tillers (89.97) and growth efficiency values, substantially greater than other fertility levels. The findings demonstrated that inoculating seeds with a combination of liquid biofertilizers containing Azotobacter + Phosphorous solubilizing bacteria + Potassium mobilizing bacteria significantly improved growth parameters, viz. plant height at harvest (117.55 cm), dry-matter accumulation/m row at harvest (371.25 g), LAI at 50 DAS (1.68) and 75 DAS (2.96), number of total tillers (90.08) and growth efficiency values

Facile Generation of A₂B Corrole Radical Using Fe(III) Salts and Its Spectroscopic Properties

A carboxyphenyl-substituted corrole, 5,15-dimesityl-10-(4′-carboxyphenyl)­corrole (<b>1</b>), has been synthesized and characterized by UV–vis, fluorescence, ¹H NMR spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. An air-stable corrole radical (<b>1</b>^•) was obtained with the addition of the Fe­(III) salt to <b>1</b> in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and characterized by UV–vis, fluorescence, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), ESI-MS techniques, and density functional theory studies. The neutral corrole radical (<b>1</b>^•) exhibited a sharp EPR signal at <i>g</i> = 2.006 in DMSO. The reduced bipyrrolic (N–C–C–N) dihedral angle (χ) of <b>1</b> from 19.11 to 7.07° leads to the release of angle strain, which is the driving force for the generation of <b>1</b>^•. Notably, <i>trans</i>-dimesityl groups prevent the dimerization or aggregation of the corrole radical. Further, <b>1</b>^• was converted to <b>1</b> by excess addition of Fe­(II) salts in DMSO at 298 K

Facile and Reversible Electrogeneration of Porphyrin Trianions and Tetraanions in Nonaqueous Media

The first examples for the facile, reversible, and stepwise electrogeneration of triply ring-reduced porphyrin macrocycles are presented. The investigated compounds are represented as MTPP­(NO₂)­(PE)₆, MTTP­(PE)₈, NiTPP­(NO₂)­(Ph)₄, and MTPP­(CN)₄, where TTP and TPP are the dianions of tetratolylporphyrin and tetraphenylporphyrin, respectively, NO₂, phenylethynyl (PE), and CN are substituents at the β-pyrrole positions of the macrocycle, and M = Cu^II, Ni^II, Zn^II, Co^II, or 2H. Each porphyrin undergoes three or four reductions within the negative potential limit of the electrochemical solvent. The UV–visible spectra of the first three reduction products were characterized by means of thin-layer UV–vis spectroelectrochemistry, and the generation of multianionic porphyrins is interpreted in terms of extensive stabilization of the LUMOs due to the electron-withdrawing and/or extended π-conjugation of the β-substituents

Positive shift in corrole redox potentials leveraged by modest β-CF3-substitution helps achieve efficient photocatalytic C-H bond functionalization by group 13 complexes

© 2019 The Royal Society of Chemistry.Tris- A nd tetrakis-β-trifluoromethylated gallium (3CF3-Ga, 4CF3-Ga) and aluminum (3CF3-Al, 4CF3-Al) corrole systems were synthesized by a facile "one-pot" approach from the respective tri- A nd tetra-iodo starting compounds using the FSO2CF2CO2Me reagent. The isolated 5,10,15-(tris-pentafluorophenyl)corrole-based compounds set the groundwork for another important β-substituent study in inorganic photocatalysis. As seen previously,-CF3 group substitution leads to red shifts in both the absorption and emission spectra compared to their unsubstituted counterparts (X. Zhan, et al., Inorg. Chem., 2019, 58, 6184-6198). All CF3-substituted corrole complexes showed strong fluorescence; 3CF3-Al possessed the highest fluorescence quantum yield (0.71) among these compounds. The photocatalytic production of bromophenol by way of these photosensitizing complexes was studied demonstrating that tris-trifluoromethylation is an important substitution class, especially when Ga3+ is present (experimental TON value in parentheses): 3CF3-Ga (192) > 4CF3-Ga (146) > 3CF3-Al (130) > 4CF3-Al (56) > 1-Ga (43) > 1-Al (18). The catalytic performance (turn-over number, TON) for benzylbromide formation (from toluene) was found to be: 3CF3-Ga (225) > 1-Ga (138) > 3CF3-Al (130) > 4CF3-Ga (126) > 1-Al (95) > 4CF3-Al (89); in these trials, benzaldehyde was also detected as a product in which 3CF3-Ga outperforms the other compounds (TON = 109). The tetra-CF3-substituted 4CF3-Ga and 4CF3-Al species exhibit a dramatic formal positive shift of 116 mV and 126 mV per [CF3] group, respectively, compared to the unsubstituted parent species 1-Ga and 1-Al. However, the absorbance values (λabs = 400 nm) of these corrole complexes (all equally concentrated: 4.0 × 10-6 M) were 3CF3-Al (0.23) > 3CF3-Ga (0.22) > 1-Al (0.21) > 1-Ga (0.20) > 4CF3-Al (0.19) > 4CF3-Ga (0.15), which helps rationalize why 3CF3-Ga performs the best among these catalysts. These new photosensitizers were carefully characterized by 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy to help verify the number and position (symmetry) of the CF3 groups; 3CF3-Ga and 3I-Al were structurally characterized. Distortions in the corrole macrocycle imposed by the multiple β-substitution were quantified.11sciescopu