146 research outputs found
The role of CT-scan studies for the diagnosis and therapy of acute respiratory distress syndrome
Strong ion difference in urine: new perspectives in acid-base assessment
The plasmatic strong ion difference (SID) is the difference between positively and negatively charged strong ions. At pH 7.4, temperature 37°C and partial carbon dioxide tension 40 mmHg, the ideal value of SID is 42 mEq/l. The buffer base is the sum of negatively charged weak acids ([HCO(3)(-)], [A(-)], [H(2)PO(4)(-)]) and its normal value is 42 mEq/l. According to the law of electroneutrality, the amount of positive and negative charges must be equal, and therefore the SID value is equal to the buffer base value. The easiest assessment of metabolic acidosis/alkalosis relies on the base excess calculation: buffer base(actual )- buffer base(ideal )= SID(actual )- SID(ideal). The SID approach allows one to appreciate the relationship between acid–base and electrolyte equilibrium from a unique perspective, and here we describe a comprehensive model of this equilibrium. The extracellular volume is characterized by a given SID, which is a function of baseline conditions, endogenous and exogenous input (endogenous production and infusion), and urinary output. Of note, volume modifications vary the concentration of charges in the solution. An expansion of extracellular volume leads to acidosis (SID decreases), whereas a contraction of extracellular volume leads to alkalosis (SID increases). A thorough understanding of acid–base equilibrium mandates recognition of the importance of urinary SID
Self-Powered Edible Defrosting Sensor
Improper freezing of food causes food waste and negatively impacts the environment. In this work, we propose a device that can detect defrosting events by coupling a temperature-activated galvanic cell with an ionochromic cell, which is activated by the release of ions during current flow. Both the components of the sensor are fabricated through simple and low-energy-consuming procedures from edible materials. The galvanic cell operates with an aqueous electrolyte solution, producing current only at temperatures above the freezing point of the solution. The ionochromic cell exploits the current generated during the defrosting to release tin ions, which form complexes with natural dyes, causing the color change. Therefore, this sensor provides information about defrosting events. The temperature at which the sensor reacts can be tuned between 0 and -50 °C. The device can thus be flexibly used in the supply chain: as a sensor, it can measure the length of exposure to above-the-threshold temperatures, while as a detector, it can provide a signal that there was exposure to above-the-threshold temperatures. Such a device can ensure that frozen food is handled correctly and is safe for consumption. As a sensor, it could be used by the workers in the supply chain, while as a detector, it could be useful for end consumers, ensuring that the food was properly frozen during the whole supply chain
Electrically Conductive 2D Material Coatings for Flexible & Stretchable Electronics: A Comparative Review of Graphenes & MXenes
There is growing interest in transitioning electronic components and
circuitry from stiff and rigid substrates to more flexible and stretchable
platforms, such as thin plastics, textiles, and foams. In parallel, the push
for more sustainable, biocompatible, and cost-efficient conductive inks to coat
these substrates, has led to the development of formulations with novel
nanomaterials. Among these, 2D materials, and particularly graphenes and
MXenes, have received intense research interest due to their increasingly
facile and scalable production, high electrical conductivity, and compatibility
with existing manufacturing techniques. They enable a range of electronic
devices, including strain and pressure sensors, supercapacitors, thermoelectric
generators, and heaters. These new flexible and stretchable electronic devices
developed with 2D material coatings are poised to unlock exciting applications
in the wearable, healthcare and Internet of Things sectors. This review has
surveyed key data from more than 200 articles published over the last 6 years,
to provide a quantitative analysis of recent progress in the field and shade
light on future directions and prospects of this technology. We find that
despite the different chemical origins of graphenes and MXenes, their shared
electrical properties and 2D morphology, guarantee intriguing performance in
end applications, leaving plenty of space for shared progress and advancements
in the future
Real-time urinary electrolyte monitoring after furosemide administration in surgical ICU patients with normal renal function
Circulating Biologically Active Adrenomedullin (bio-ADM) Predicts Hemodynamic Support Requirement and Mortality During Sepsis
In vivo conditioning of acid-base equilibrium by crystalloid solutions : an experimental study on pigs
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