Avaliação in vitro de diferentes agentes de descontaminação de cones de guta-percha

This study evaluated the effectiveness of three disinfectants used in Dentistry for decontamination of gutta-percha cones. Sixty gutta-percha cones were contaminated with standardized pure cultures of five species of microorganisms (Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Candida albicans ATCC CBS-ICB/USP 562, Bacillus subtilis spores ATCC 6633 and Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175). The cones were treated with 10% polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine aqueous solution (PVP-I; Groups 1 and 2), 5.25% aqueous sodium hypochlorite (Groups 3 and 4) and paraformaldehyde tablets (Group 5). All chemical agents were efficient for the cold sterilization of gutta-percha cones in short time periods.A eficiência de três desinfetantes usados em Odontologia foi estudada na descontaminação de 60 cones de guta-percha contaminados com culturas puras e padronizadas de cinco cepas de microrganismos (Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Candida albicans ATCC CBS-ICB/USP 562, Bacillus subtilis em esporos ATCC 6633 e Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175). Os cones foram tratados com solução aquosa de polivinilpirrolidona-iodo 10% (PVP-I; Grupos 1 e 2), solução aquosa de hipoclorito de sódio 5,25% (Grupos 3 e 4) e pastilhas de formaldeído (Grupo 5). Nossos resultados indicam que todos os agentes químicos foram eficientes para a esterilização a frio dos cones de guta-percha em curtos espaços de tempo

Avaliação do extrato de Physalis angulata sobre larvas do carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) Microplus

The tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is responsible for large losses in livestock worldwide, causing a drop in meat and milk production, leather depreciation, annoyance to animals and transmission of hemoparasitosis that can lead to death. The control of this ectoparasite is currently carried out by synthetic chemical compounds, however, most with reported cases of resistance, makes it necessary to study new natural alternatives necessary. The present study aimed to evaluate the Physalis angulata extract between concentrations 100 - 12.5 mg mL-1 on R. (B.) microplus larvae by the impregnated paper patch test (IPPT). The results were promising and the concentrations of 100 and 50 mg mL-1 were the most effective, presenting 92.24% and 58.47% of larval mortality, respectively.La garrapata Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus es responsable de grandes pérdidas en el ganado a nivel mundial, provocando caída en la producción de carne y leche, depreciación del cuero, molestias a los animales y transmisión de hemoparasitosis que puede llegar a causar la muerte. El control de este ectoparásito actualmente se realiza mediante compuestos químicos de síntesis, sin embargo, la mayoría con casos reportados de resistencia, hace necesario el estudio de nuevas alternativas naturales. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el extracto de Physalis angulata entre concentraciones de 100 - 12,5 mg mL-1 sobre larvas de R. (B.) microplus mediante la prueba del parche de papel impregnado (TCPI). Los resultados fueron promisorios y las concentraciones de 100 y 50 mg mL-1 fueron las más efectivas, presentando 92,24% y 58,47% de mortalidad larvaria, respectivamente.O carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus é responsável por grandes perdas na pecuária mundial, causando queda na produção de carne e leite, depreciação do couro, incômodo aos animais e transmissão de hemoparasitoses que podem levar os animais a óbito. O controle desse ectoparasita atualmente é realizado por compostos químicos sintéticos, porém, a maioria com casos de resistência relatados, torna necessário o estudo de novas alternativas naturais necessárias. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o extrato de Physalis angulata entre as concentrações 100 - 12,5 mg mL-1 sobre larvas de R. (B.) microplus pelo teste de contato em papel impregnado (TCPI). Os resultados se mostraram promissores sendo as concentrações 100 e 50 mg mL-1 as mais efetivas apresentando 92,24% e 58,47% de mortalidade das larvas respectivamente

Design of antiseptic formulations containing extract of Plinia cauliflora

The leaves of the Brazilian species Plinia cauliflora were used to obtain active hydroalcoholic extract and fractions enabling the development of efficient antiseptic pharmaceutical formulations. A chemical composition of 70% ethanol extract, aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions was analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and for phenol content. Antimicrobial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Candida albicans by the agar diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration was assayed by broth microdilution. Extract microbiological quality was tested to avoid contamination in the formulations. A mouthwash and a topical cream containing the extract were developed and antiseptic activity was assessed by agar diffusion. Sensory and physicochemical stability of the formulations were assayed. Chromatography indicated the presence of terpenes, flavonoids and tannins in the extract and fractions and total phenol content were found to be high. The plant samples were active against all the microorganisms tested, except for Lactobacillus acidophilus. Both topical formulations showed antiseptic activity and stability. Thus, these may be used as antimicrobials in skin infections, but would be more useful in the treatment of candidiasis.As folhas da espécie brasileira Plinia cauliflora foram utilizadas a fim de se obter um extrato hidroalcoólico e frações ativas proporcionando o desenvolvimento de eficazes formulações farmacêuticas antissépticas. A composição química do extrato etanólico 70%, fração aquosa e acetato de etila foi analisada por cromatografia em camada delgada e teor de fenóis. A atividade antimicrobiana foi testada frente a Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus acidophilus e Candida albicans por difusão em ágar e a concentração inibitória mínima foi determinada por microdiluição. A qualidade microbiológica do extrato foi avaliada para evitar a contaminação das formulações. Foram desenvolvidos um enxaguatório bucal e um creme tópico contendo o extrato sendo que a atividade antisséptica foi ensaiada por difusão em ágar. A estabilidade sensorial e físico-química foram testadas. A cromatografia indicou a presença de terpenos, flavonóides e taninos no extrato e frações, observando-se alto teor de fenóis totais. As amostras vegetais foram ativas contra todos os micro-organismos testados, exceto Lactobacillus acidophilus. Ambas as formulações apresentaram atividade antisséptica e estabilidade. Desta forma, infere-se que as formulações desenvolvidas podem ser utilizadas como antissépticas em infecções de pele, podendo ser mais eficazes no tratamento de candidíase

Atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial de Melampodium divaricatum (Rich.) DC., Asteraceae

Melampodium divaricatum (Rich) DC., Asteraceae é uma espécie encontrada na América Latina sendo no Brasil principalmente na região Nordeste. Popularmente vem sendo empregada como antiinflamatória e cicatrizante e dentre vários componentes químicos relatados na literatura, destaca-se a presença de óleos essenciais em suas partes aéreas. Considerando o potencial antimicrobiano in vitro e in vivo de óleos essenciais presentes em muitas plantas e do amplo potencial farmacológico destes, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial obtido a partir de partes aéreas de M. divaricatum utilizando-se o método de difusão em disco frente às bactérias Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 9372), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 25933) e as cepas de campo: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sonnei, Serratia marcescens. de acordo com os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho, apenas as espécies Gram-positivas (S. aureus e B. subtilis) mostraram se sensíveis ao óleo essencial, e as demais espécies testadas não tiveram seu crescimento inibido.Melampodium divaricatum is a species found in Latin America and in Brazil mainly in the Northeast region. It is popularly used as anti-inflammatory and cicatrizing and among several chemical compounds it can be noteworthy the presence of essential oils in aerial parts. Considering the antimicrobial potential of essential oils in vitro and in vivo as well as its ample pharmacologic potential the objective of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the crude essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of M. divaricatum by the method of disc diffusion against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 9372), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 25933), the clinical strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sonnei and Serratia marcescens. Only the gram-positive species S. aureus and B. subtilis showed sensitivity to the essential oil and the other analyzed strains did not have growth inhibited.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Multirresistência microbiana e opções terapêuticas disponíveis

Background and objectives: Due to antibiotics irrational use and the empiric administration, many microbial resistance problems become a new therapeutic challenge, causing elevated mortality rates. Among the microorganisms groups related with resistant infections are: methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, multi-resistant Enterococcus sp, penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanii and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL). The aim of this work was carry out a review of scientific literature in order to discuss the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms and the therapeutic options available in Brazil. Contents: New antimicrobials are launched in order to achieve effective treatment for resistant microorganisms infections. To discuss the most common resistance mechanisms, new therapeutic options available in Brazil and new guidelines for the use of these drugs. Conclusion: While the use of antimicrobial drugs to keep so irresponsible and the law for its use not met, the new drugs will be effective only temporarily, keeping constant the microbial multi-resistance problem.Justificativa e objetivos: Devido ao uso irracional de antimicrobianos e a administração empírica, vários problemas de resistência microbiana surgiram como um novo desafio para a terapêutica, causando elevados índices de mortalidade. Dentre os grupos de micro-organismos relacionados a infecções resistentes destacam-se: Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina e Staphylococcus aureus resistente à vancomicina, Enterococcus sp resistentes a diferentes classes de antimicrobianos, Streptococcus pneumoniae resistente à penicilina, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Acinetobacter baumanii resistentes aos carbapenêmicos e ainda as enterobactérias produtoras de β-lactamases de espectro ampliado (ESBL). O objetivo deste estudo foi rever na literatura científica a abordagem do surgimento de micro-organismos multirresistentes e as opções terapêuticas disponíveis no Brasil. Conteúdo: Novos antimicrobianos são lançados no mercado com o intuito de alcançar tratamento efetivo para infecções causadas por micro-organismos resistentes. Para abordar os mecanismos de resistência mais comuns, das novas opções terapêuticas disponíveis no Brasil e das novas diretrizes de uso desses fármacos. Conclusão: Enquanto o uso dos medicamentos antimicrobianos continuarem sendo de modo irresponsável e não for cumprida a legislação para seu uso, os novos fármacos serão eficazes apenas temporariamente, fazendo constante o problema da multirresistência microbiana.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Testes preliminares de motilidade intestinal e toxicidade oral aguda com extrato de cascas pulverizadas de Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrec: (Humiriaceae) em camundongos

The aim of this work was to analyze the acute oral toxicity and the effects on intestinal motility of the extract obtained through decoction 20% (m/v) of Endopleura uchi, popularly known as "uxi-amarelo", a native plant from the Brazilian Amazon. The plant is used indiscriminately against several diseases: arthritis, cholesterol, diabetes, ulcers, myomas, and intestinal illnesses in general, among others. The present results show that there were no significant alterations in intestinal motility and that the extract does not present signs of toxicity, showing its safety for consumption purposes.El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos sobre la motilidad intestinal y la toxicidad oral del extracto obtenido por decocción al 20% (m/v) de Endopleura uchi, cuyo nombre común brasileño es "uxi-amarelo". Se trata de una planta nativa de la Región Amazónica brasileña, utilizada de forma indiscriminada en la lucha contra diversas enfermedades: artritis, colesterol, diabetes, úlceras, fibromas, trastornos intestinales en general, entre otras. Los resultados mostraron que no hubo alteraciones significativas en la motilidad intestinal y que el extracto no muestra indicios de toxicidad, proporcionando seguridad para su consumo.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos sobre a motilidade intestinal e a toxicidade oral aguda de extrato obtido por decocção 20% (m/v) de Endopleura uchi, popularmente conhecido como uxi-amarelo, planta nativa da Região Amazônica brasileira, utilizada indiscriminadamente para o combate de diversas doenças: artrite, colesterol, diabetes, úlceras, miomas, afecções intestinais de uma forma geral, entre outras. Os resultados mostraram que não houve alteração significativa na motilidade intestinal e que o extrato não apresenta traços de toxicidade, conferindo segurança para seu consumo

Coating of surgical masks with quaternized chitosan aiming at inactivating coronavirus and antibacterial activity

SARS-CoV-2 caused a global pandemic with high transmission rates, even with widespread vaccination. In addition to isolation and prevention measures, it is important to find new solutions to inactivate the virus and prevent its viability on surfaces, such as clothing and face masks. Chitosan derivatives, with their antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity, are a promising option for coating these components with virucidal materials. N-(2-hydroxypropryl)-3-trimethylammonium chloride, a quaternized chitosan derivative with degrees of substitution ranging from 59 to 93%, was synthesized. This derivative was used to coat cotton and polypropylene fabrics, such as face masks, without visibly affecting their morphology or filtering capacity. In vitro tests demonstrated that the coatings produced had high antiviral activity against coronavirus, with efficacy up to 99.99%, and were also bactericidal against E. coli and S. aureus. These results show that quaternized chitosan derivatives have great potential to be used as virucidal coatings, helping to prevent the spread of SARS-Cov-2 and other pathogens on surfaces, which can even be useful for the quick development of solutions for future pandemics

Action of ethanolic extract from aerial parts of Tagetes patula L. (Asteraceae) on hatchability and embryogenesis of Rhipicephalus sanguineus eggs (Acari: Ixodidae)

Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) presents medical importance, being the principal vector of Rickettsia conorii, the causative agent of Botonous fever, occurring in various regions of Europe and Africa. In the Americas, has been reported as a vector of Rickettsia rickettsii, the causative agent of Mountain Spotted Fever. It presents veterinary importance because is responsible by the transmission of zoonosis like babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, hepatozoonosis and others. The resistance that these ticks show to some of the active principles used in acaricides has risen wildly. In other hand, the use of herbal medicines has been outstanding recently. Among the advantages of phytotherapics that justify their use are synergistic effects of its components and easy degradation in the environment. In this scenario, Tagetes patula L (Asteraceae) appears as a species with great biocide potential. The phytochemical investigation of T. patula has resulted in the isolation of several chemical constituents such as benzofurans, carotenoids, flavonoids and thiophenes. This study aimed to test the effect of the ethanolic extract obtained from aerial parts of T. patula against eggs of R. sanguineus by Egg hatchability test and to verify, for the first time, the action of this sample on ovary cells of engorged females submitted to the Adult Immersion Test. The extract was very effective, inhibiting egg hatching in 96.98% (+/- 0.025) with LD50=6.312 mg/mL (4.064-8.497 mg/mL). Microscopic analysis of the structure of the ovaries showed significant morphological changes in the structure of oocytes II-V and pedicel cells, interfering directly in its normal embryogenesis, impairing or impeding the formation of healthy larvae, breaking the life cycle of this ticks in the beginning. Despite the difficulty to control adult populations of ticks, these findings are important and provide an alternative to disrupt development on the environment. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Paepalanthus spp: antimycobacterial activity of extracts, methoxylated flavonoids and naphthopyranone fractions

Paepalanthus spp., Eriocaulaceae, are native plants from Brazil known as “sempre-vivas” (everlasting flowers). In this work, we evaluated the potential anti-mycobacterial activity of two methoxylated flavonoids (flavonoid 7-methylquercetagetin and 7-methylquercetagetin-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) isolated and identified from P. latipes and the naphthopyranone fractions from P. bromeliodes ethanolic extracts. The MIC value of 500 μg/mL was verified for all compounds tested against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. For M. avium, the MIC value ranged from 1000–2000 μg/mL excepting to naphthopyranone fractions with MIC of 500 μg/mL. This is the first report of activity determination of Paepalanthus spp. flavonoids activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. avium.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Chemical characterization and acaricide potential of essential oil from aerial parts of Tagetes patula L. (Asteraceae) against engorged adult females of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806)

Rhipicephalus sanguineus, commonly known as the brown dog tick, is one of the most widely distributed species of tick. In dogs, it can cause anemia and provide the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms such as Babesia canis, Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis, Anaplasma platys, and Mycoplasma haemocanis. To man, it can transmit the intracellular parasites Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia conorii, the causative agents of the Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the Americas and Mediterranean and spotted fever in Europe and North Africa. Its control is performed by applying synthetic formulations composed of pyrethroids; however, continued use of these products results in environmental damage and acquisition of resistance. Alternatively, studies with botanical insecticides have been increasingly recurrent. Therefore, this study aimed to test the efficacy of essential oil of Tagetes patula, a ruderal species widely described in the literature for its insecticidal properties, in engorged females of R. sanguineus by the adults immersion test (AIT) and impregnated paper disk test (IPDT). The essential oil used, through gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, revealed the presence of 55 compounds, being the 4-vinyl guaiacol and gamma terpinene the majority ones. The AIT compared to the IPDT was more efficient in inhibiting oviposition of tick; however, the eggs laid by the females submitted to saturated atmosphere with essential oil, from IPDT, not hatched, interrupted their development cycle. Besides being a pioneer work, the results presented here contributes to new researches, aiming the incorporation of essential oil in an acaricide for use in the environment. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg