Current status of herbal and their future perspectives

Traditional medicine is the synthesis of therapeutic experience of generations of practicing physicians of indigenous systems of medicine. Throughout the history of mankind, many infectious diseases have been treated with herbals. The traditional medicine is increasingly solicited through the tradipractitioners and herbalists in the treatment of infectious diseases. Among the remedies used, plant drugs constitute an important part. A number of scientific investigations have highlighted the importance and the contribution of many plant families i.e. Asteraceae, Liliaceae, Apocynaceae, Solanaceae, Caesalpinaceae, Rutaceae, Piperaceae, Sapotaceae used as medicinal plants. Medicinal plants play a vital role for the development of new drugs (export and import diverse parts or bioactive compounds in the current market). The bioactive extract should be standardized on the basis of active compound. The bioactive extract should undergo limited safety studies

Spin dynamics and frequency dependence of magnetic damping study in soft ferromagnetic FeTaC film with a stripe domain structure

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and low magnetic damping are the key factors for the free layer magnetization switching by spin transfer torque technique in magnetic tunnel junction devices. The magnetization precessional dynamics in soft ferromagnetic FeTaC thin film with a stripe domain structure was explored in broad band frequency range by employing micro-strip ferromagnetic resonance technique. The polar angular variation of resonance field and linewidth at different frequencies have been analyzed numerically using Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation by taking into account the total free energy density of the film. The numerically estimated parameters Land\'{e} $g$-factor, PMA constant, and effective magnetization are found to be 2.1, 2$\times10^{5}$ erg/cm$^{3}$ and 7145 Oe, respectively. The frequency dependence of Gilbert damping parameter ($\alpha$) is evaluated by considering both intrinsic and extrinsic effects into the total linewidth analysis. The value of $\alpha$ is found to be 0.006 at 10 GHz and it increases with decreasing precessional frequency.Comment: 5 Pages, 6 Figures, Regular Submissio

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Iron Chelates in Managing Iron Deficiency Chlorosis in Grain Sorghum

Grain sorghum production in alkaline or calcareous soils is frequently affected by iron (Fe) chlorosis. Soil conditions such as high pH, high free calcium carbonate (lime), and low organic matter favor development of iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC), which can delay crop maturity and reduce yields. Two field experiments were conducted in the summer of 2014 to determine the effectiveness of Fe chelate application in alleviating IDC in grain sorghum. Treatments in the first study were four Fe chelate application rates (0, 3, 6, and 9 lb/a) applied either in-furrow with the seed at the time of planting or 2 weeks after planting. A split treatment of 3 lb/a applied at planting and another 3 lb/a applied 2 weeks after planting was included. The second study was a split-plot design with two Fe chelate products as main plots and sorghum hybrids (Golden Acres 5613 and Sorghum Partners hybrid NK5418) as the subplot factor. Results showed IDC scores among the treatments were significant only in the early stages of growth. Severity of IDC tends to decrease throughout the growing season, confirming the ability of sorghum hybrids to grow out of IDC under favorable environmental conditions. Iron chelate application did improve sorghum yield, with the highest yield occurring when Fe chelate was split-applied at 6 lb/a. The two grain sorghum hybrids evaluated differed in their response to IDC and grain yield. GA5613 showed greater tolerance to IDC than NK5418. Application of Fe chelate to GA5613 had no effect on grain yield; however, Fe chelate application significantly improved grain yields in NK5418. Our preliminary findings suggest the first 30 days of growth may be the critical period to control IDC in grain sorghum

Ensemble Classifications of Wavelets based GLCM Texture Feature from MR Human Head Scan Brain Slices Analysis

This paper presents an automatic image analysis of multi-model views of MR brain using ensemble classifications of wavelets based texture feature. Primarily, an input MR image has pre-processed for an enhancement process. Then, the pre-processed image is decomposed into different frequency sub-band image using 2D stationary and discrete wavelet transform. The GLCM texture feature information is extracted from the above low-frequency sub band image of 2D discrete and stationary wavelet transform. The extracted texture features are given as an input to ensemble classifiers of Gentle Boost and Bagged Tree classifiers to recognize the appropriate image samples. Image abnormality has extracted from the recognized abnormal image samples of classifiers using multi-level Otsu thresholding. Finally, the performance of two ensemble classifiers performance has analyzed using sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and MCC measures of two different wavelet based GLCM texture features. The resultant proposed feature extraction technique achieves the maximum level of accuracy is 90.70% with the fraction of 0.78 MCC value

Comparison of cervical acid phosphatase papanicolaou stain and standard papanicolaou stain as a screening tool for cancer cervix

Background: Carcinoma cervix is the second most common cancer in women (18%). Cervical smear by routine Papanicolaou (Pap) smear screening has significant rates of false-positive and false-negative results. To minimise this, we compare the efficacy of cervical acid phosphatase-papanicolaou (CAP-Pap) smear with conventional Pap smear in detecting premalignant lesions of cervix. The red-colored granules (enzyme coated abnormal cells) that are clearly detected, CAP-Pap positive aids in the quick and early diagnosis of aberrant cells, which speeds up the screening procedureMethods: The present observational study conducted among the patients presenting to gynaecology department for cancer cervix screening. Two cervical smears were collected for Pap and CAP-Pap staining. Cytology report showing abnormality either in Pap smear or CAP-Pap smear were subjected for colposcopy guided cervical biopsy after VIA/VILI and their results were correlated with histopathology reports as gold standard.Results: Total of 321 women were enrolled in the study. On comparison with Cervical biopsy, Pap smear had a sensitivity of 83.3%, specificity of 50%, Positive predictive value of 88.2%, Negative predictive value of 40.0%. CAP-Pap had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 50%, PPV of 90%, NPV of 100%. As evidenced by the 100% sensitivity, CAP-Pap meets the screening test criteria.Conclusions: The CAP- Pap test has a bright future as a rapid, inexpensive, and efficient method for initial screening or as an addition to Pap smear in primary health care of India for effective cervical cancer screening

SEARCHING ANTIVIRAL DRUGS FOR EBOLA VIRUS FROM PHYTO-CONSTITUENTS OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA: APPLICATION OF MOLECULAR MODELING STUDIES

 ABSTRACTThe current objective of the study is to identify some naturally occurring product from Azadirachta indica and evaluate its binding activity against VP24 protein as Ebola virus target through in silico docking studies. Reported phytoconstituents of Azadirachta indica were prepared for docking evaluation using Brincidofovir as the standard. In silico docking studies were carried out using GLIDE (Grid-based Ligand Docking with Energetics) is a ligand binding program provided by Schrödinger. These results showed that all the selected phytoconstituents showed binding energy ranging between -7.95 kcal/mol to -1.54 kcal/mol when compared with that of the standard (-6.06 kcal/mol). Naturally occurring products Catechin, Epicatechin, Gallic acid and Nimbolide are potential than the standard brincidofovir but Azadirachtin, Margolonone, Mahmoodin, Isomargolonone, Gedunin, Margolone, Nimbidin and Nimbin have low binding affinity towards target when compared with the standard. These molecular docking analyses of phytoconstituents of Azadirachta indica could lead to the further development to identify the potent drugs for the treatment of Ebola virus. KEYWORDS: Azadirachta indica, VP42 protein, Ebola virus, in silico docking.  Â

ILAT (Software as a Service): Interactive Learning Application Tool for Autism Screening and Assessment in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism is a type of neurological disorder usually noticeable during the early stage of childhood, especially between one to three years and occurs in all social groups. The common problem experienced by the autism subjects includes lack in social interaction, poor communication skill, overexcited, unable to express their emotions. While these disorders are not fully curable, early detection can reduce the severity with proper therapy. Even though there are no appropriate medications and treatments, still we can improve the lifestyle of the autism subject through various supportive therapies. If this disorder is not detected at early stages, the severity rate may probably increase during the later stage.  Developing countries like India witness 0.2 percentage of the autism population in the overall community based on the information provided by the Rehabilitation Council of India. Express growth in the Information and Communication Technologies allows developing various assistive tools to enhance the lifestyle of the autism people. Fourth Generation Technologies like the Internet of Things, Wearable Devices, Cloud Computing, Big Data Analytics, and Artificial Intelligence, Mobile devices, Location-aware technology, Sensors, Augmented and Virtual Reality together provide a smart solution to all the sufferers. The objective of Interactive Learning Application Tool is used for Autism Screening and Assessment in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and extended to explore the assistive technologies available to serve the community. This will enhance the social interaction, learning and communication skills in children, a tool for analysing the aggressive level, a tool for caregivers and supportive and ranking tool for psychiatrist dealing with autism subject

Effective Teachers of Multilingual Learners: A Mixed-Method Study of UK and US Critical Sociocultural Teaching Practices

This convergent parallel mixed-method study (quan + QUAL) relies on systematic classroom observations of mainstream teachers considered highly effective with multilingual learners in the United Kingdom and the United States (N = 9). Using a critical sociocultural theoretical lens, we use an established quantitative observation rubric and lesson field notes to capture real-world teaching practices. Using deductive reasoning to merge closed- and open-ended observation data, we illuminate the features of highly effective teaching for multilingual students. Evidence demonstrates that elements of challenge in activity design and teacher presentation, prioritizing language and literacy development, and modeling, were practices with the highest consistency across countries. At the same time, other features leave room for future growth. Lesson analysis unpacked various ways teachers enact effective teaching based on country context. Despite educational policies that may conflict with strong teaching for multilingual students, linguistically responsive teachers in both countries transcend curricular and testing constraints by intentionally enacting lessons that richly scaffold learning