180 research outputs found

    EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA – EAD: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE SUAS VANTAGENS E DESAFIOS NA PERCEPÇÃO DOS MOSSOROENSES.

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    O processo educacional evoluiu bastante nessas ultimas décadas. Contudo nenhum método de ensino evoluiu tanto quando a Educação a Distância – EaD. Na vanguarda da educação, a modalidade EaD apresenta-se como uma solução para problemas de infra estrutura e permite o contato educador-educando de uma forma inimaginável nos modelos presenciais. Diante desse grau de importância concebido a modalidade EaD, surge um problema: Quais os principais benefícios e desafios presentes hoje na Educação a Distância? A presente pesquisa busca diagnosticar essas informações, elencando os principais benefícios e pontos fracos da EaD, bem como permitir a formulação de estratégias maduras na busca de melhoria do serviço prestado. O ambiente pesquisado foi a cidade de Mossoró-RN, com a aplicação de um questionário a uma amostra aleatória de seus habitantes, de forma a atingir um nível satisfatório de segurança. O resultado foi à constatação que os estudantes que realizaram algum tipo de formação na modalidade EaD ficaram satisfeitos com o método. Outro ponto verificado é que as desvantagens identificadas têm maior relação com a conscientização educacional autônoma do estudante do que com a forma como o ensino é ofertado. Dessa forma, e em consonância com levantamento do ultimo censo EaD, a modalidade de educação a distância está em constante crescimento, e com qualidade

    Prevalence of risk health behavior among members of private health insurance plans: results from the 2008 national telephone survey Vigitel, Brazil

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    O objetivo deste artigo é descrever a distribuição dos principais fatores de risco (FR) e proteção para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) entre os beneficiários de planos de saúde. Foi utilizada amostra aleatória de adultos com 18 ou mais anos de idade nas capitais brasileiras, analisando-se frequências de FR em 28.640 indivíduos em 2008. Homens mostraram alta prevalência dos seguintes fatores de risco: tabaco, sobrepeso, baixo consumo de frutas e legumes, maior consumo de carnes gordurosas e álcool, enquanto mulheres mostraram maior prevalência de pressão arterial, diabetes, dislipidemia e osteoporose. Homens praticam mais atividade física e mulheres consomem mais frutas e vegetais. Homens com maior escolaridade apresentam maior frequência de sobrepeso, consumo de carnes com gorduras e dislipidemia. Entre mulheres, tabaco, sobrepeso, obesidade e doenças autorreferidas decrescem com aumento da escolaridade, enquanto o consumo de frutas e legumes, atividade física, mamografia e exame de papanicolau aumentam com a escolaridade. CONCLUSÃO: a população usuária de planos de saúde constitui cerca de 26% da população brasileira, e o estudo atual visa acumular evidências para atuação em ações de promoção da saúde para esse público.This article aims at estimating the prevalence of adults engaging in protective and risk health behaviors among members of private health insurance plans. It was used a random sample of individuals over the age of 18 living in the Brazilian state capitals collected on 28,640 telephone interviews in 2008. The results showed that among males there was a high prevalence of the following risk factors: tobacco, overweight, low fruit and vegetable consumption, high meat with fat consumption and alcohol drinking. Among females we found a high prevalence of high blood pressure, diabetes, dyslipidemia and osteoporosis. Men were generally more physically active and women consumed more fruit and vegetables. As more educated males were lower was the prevalence of tobacco, high blood pressure, but also a higher prevalence of overweight, consumption of meat with fat, dyslipidemia and lower number of yearly check-ups done. For females, tobacco smoking, overweight, obesity, decreasing with schooling, and consumption of fruit and vegetables, physical activity, mammography and PAP test, increased with schooling. The health insurance user population constitutes about 26% of Brazilian people and the current study aims to accumulate evidence for health promotion actions by this public

    Indicadores de adiposidade como m?todo de rastreamento para polissonografia em trabalhadores de turno.

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    Objective: to verify the discriminatory power of adiposity indicators in the prediction of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in shift workers. Methods: a crosssectional study carried out in an iron ore extraction company, in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Anthropometric data were collected and polysomnography (PSG) was performed in 118 male shift workers who owned at least one overall risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Results: the OSA prevalence in the sample was 84.7%. Among the adiposity indicators used to predict OSA (? 5 events/hour), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and total body fat (TBF) showed sensitivity values higher than 70%. Visceral fat (VF), neck circumference (NC), and neck-to-height ratio (NHtR) were the most effective in correctly identifying workers without OSA (specificity values higher than 70%). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for WC and NHtR were greater than 0.7, which indicated the test was effective in discriminating individuals with OSA. Conclusions: alterations in abdomen and neck adiposity indicators have a significant relationship with the presence of OSA and showed effectiveness as a screening method for PSG. WC and NHtR are considered good indicators for OSA prediction.Objetivo: verificar o potencial discriminat?rio dos indicadores de adiposidade na predi??o da apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) em trabalhadores de turnos. M?todos: estudo transversal realizado em uma empresa de extra??o de min?rio de ferro, em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Dados antropom?tricos foram coletados e polissonografia (PSG) foi realizada em 118 trabalhadores de turno do sexo masculino que possu?am ao menos um fator de risco global para doen?a cardiovascular. Resultados: a preval?ncia de AOS na amostra foi de 84,7%. Entre os indicadores de adiposidade usados para predizerem a AOS (? 5 eventos/ hora), o ?ndice de massa corporal (IMC), a circunfer?ncia da cintura (CC), a rela??o cintura/estatura (RCE) e a gordura corporal total (GCT), revelaram valores de sensibilidade acima de 70%. Gordura visceral (GV), circunfer?ncia do pesco?o (CP) e rela??o pesco?o-estatura (RPE) foram as mais efetivas em identificar corretamente trabalhadores sem AOS (valores de especificidade acima de 70%). As ?reas sob a curva de Caracter?stica de Opera??o do Receptor (COR) para CC e RPE foram maiores que 0,7, o que indicou que o teste foi eficaz na discrimina??o de indiv?duos com AOS. Conclus?es: altera??es nos indicadores de adiposidade abdominal e cervical t?m rela??o significativa com a presen?a de AOS e demostraram efic?cia como m?todo de rastreamento para PSG. CC e RPE s?o considerados bons indicadores para predizerem a AOS

    Combined fit to the spectrum and composition data measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory including magnetic horizon effects

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    The measurements by the Pierre Auger Observatory of the energy spectrum and mass composition of cosmic rays can be interpreted assuming the presence of two extragalactic source populations, one dominating the flux at energies above a few EeV and the other below. To fit the data ignoring magnetic field effects, the high-energy population needs to accelerate a mixture of nuclei with very hard spectra, at odds with the approximate E2^{-2} shape expected from diffusive shock acceleration. The presence of turbulent extragalactic magnetic fields in the region between the closest sources and the Earth can significantly modify the observed CR spectrum with respect to that emitted by the sources, reducing the flux of low-rigidity particles that reach the Earth. We here take into account this magnetic horizon effect in the combined fit of the spectrum and shower depth distributions, exploring the possibility that a spectrum for the high-energy population sources with a shape closer to E2^{-2} be able to explain the observations

    Studies of the mass composition of cosmic rays and proton-proton interaction cross-sections at ultra-high energies with the Pierre Auger Observatory

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    In this work, we present an estimate of the cosmic-ray mass composition from the distributions of the depth of the shower maximum (Xmax) measured by the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. We discuss the sensitivity of the mass composition measurements to the uncertainties in the properties of the hadronic interactions, particularly in the predictions of the particle interaction cross-sections. For this purpose, we adjust the fractions of cosmic-ray mass groups to fit the data with Xmax distributions from air shower simulations. We modify the proton-proton cross-sections at ultra-high energies, and the corresponding air shower simulations with rescaled nucleus-air cross-sections are obtained via Glauber theory. We compare the energy-dependent composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays obtained for the different extrapolations of the proton-proton cross-sections from low-energy accelerator data

    Study of downward Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

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    The surface detector (SD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory, consisting of 1660 water-Cherenkov detectors (WCDs), covers 3000 km2 in the Argentinian pampa. Thanks to the high efficiency of WCDs in detecting gamma rays, it represents a unique instrument for studying downward Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) over a large area. Peculiar events, likely related to downward TGFs, were detected at the Auger Observatory. Their experimental signature and time evolution are very different from those of a shower produced by an ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray. They happen in coincidence with low thunderclouds and lightning, and their large deposited energy at the ground is compatible with that of a standard downward TGF with the source a few kilometers above the ground. A new trigger algorithm to increase the TGF-like event statistics was installed in the whole array. The study of the performance of the new trigger system during the lightning season is ongoing and will provide a handle to develop improved algorithms to implement in the Auger upgraded electronic boards. The available data sample, even if small, can give important clues about the TGF production models, in particular, the shape of WCD signals. Moreover, the SD allows us to observe more than one point in the TGF beam, providing information on the emission angle

    Measuring the muon content of inclined air showers using AERA and the water-Cherenkov detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

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