Streptococus mutans’ın anne çocuk geçişinin ap-pcr metoduyla saptanması ve diş çürüğü ile ilişkisi

Diş çürüğü mikrobiyal dental plaktaki bakterilerin, ağız ortamındaki karbonhidratları fermente etmeleri sonucunda ortaya çıkan organik asitlerin diş sert dokularında meydana getirdiği dinamik biyokimyasal olaylar dizisidir. Ülkemizde ve gelişmekte olan birçok ülkede, diş çürüğü temel bir sağlık problemi olarak önemini korumaktadır. İnsanlarda diş çürüğünü oluşturan en önemli bakteri Streptococcus mutans’ tır. Bu bakteri ağız ortamında bebeklerin dişlerinin sürmesinden önce ya geçici olarak bulunurken ya da hiç bulunmazken, dişlerin sürmesi ile birlikte ağız ortamında yer almaktadır. Bir çok mikrobiyolojik ve epidemiyolojik çalışmada, anne ile çocukları arasında hem Streptococcus mutans hem de çürük skorlarında benzerlikler gösterilmiş ve tükürüklerinde yüksek Streptococcus mutans bulunan anneler ile bebekleri arasında sık tükürük teması olduğunda bebeğin erken dönemde enfeksiyon riskinin arttığı gözlenmiştir. Diş çürüğünün engellenmesindeki koruyucu yaklaşımlardan bir tanesi de diş çürüğünün başlıca etkeni olan Streptococcus mutans’ın çocuklara doğal yollardan iletiminin araştırılmasıdır. Ayrıca süt dişlerinin Streptococcus mutans ile kolonize olmaması daimi dişlenme döneminde de çürük gelişiminin azalmasını sağlamış olacaktır. Araştırmamızda 44 anne ve yaşları 11- 43 ay arası değişen 51 çocukta Streptococcus mutans varlığı kantitatif olarak değerlendirilmiş, Streptococcus mutans izole edilen 37 çocukta OPA-5 primeri kullanarak AP-PCR (Arbitrarirly Primed Polimarase Chain Reaction) yöntemi ile bu mikroorganizmaların annelerinden geçiş olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonunda 15 çocuğun anneleriyle aynı Streptococcus mutans klonunu taşıdığı tespit edilmiştir. Anne-çocuk Streptococcus mutans geçişi gösteren gruptaki annelerin, Streptococcus mutans geçişi göstermeyen gruptaki annelere göre DMF-T değeri ve mutans streptokok miktarının yüksek olduğu ve aralarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu saptanmıştır (p=0.0001, p=0.001). SUMMARY THE ESTABLISHMENT OF MOTHER CHILD TRANSMISSION OF Streptococcus mutans WITH AP-PCR METHOD AND THE RELATION WITH DENTAL CARIES Dental caries is a dynamic biochemichal serial process made by organic acids which are produced by the bacteria in the dental plaque that fermantates the carbohydrates in the oral cavity. And also in our country and in the world, dental caries is a still fundamental serious health problem. The main and the most important bacteria causes dental caries in human is Streptoccoccus mutans. This bacteria exists in the infants mouth temporarily for a short time or cannot be detected before the tooth eruption. A lot of microbiological and epidemiological studies shows parellel results about the Streptococcus mutans counts and caries scores between the mother and children and increased infection risk in the early period whose have frequent saliva contact between mothers and infants. One of the preventive approaches for preventing caries is searching the ways for transmission of Streptococcus mutans. Furthermore preventing the colonization of decidious teeth with Streptococcus mutans will prevent the dental caries process. In our study 44 mothers and 51 children ages between 11- 43 months old are evaluated quantitatively about Streptococcus mutans levels. And in 37 Streptocococcus mutans isolated children had examined about the transmission from mothers with Arbitrarirly Primed PCR (AP PCR) method with using the OPA-5 primer. At the result, 15 children have been found that carrying the same clones with their mothers. And we also found that the mothers who has streptococcus mutans trasmission to their children have more DMF-T values and mutans streptococci counts than the others (p=0.0001, p=0.001)

Evaluation of human enamel surfaces treated with theobromine: A pilot study

Purpose: The objectives of this in-vitro study were to investigate the effect of theobromine, which is the principle xanthine species in Theobroma cacao, at two concentrations on the surface hardness and topography of human enamel. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four freshly extracted human third molars were collected and stored in distilled water with 0.1% thymol solution at room temperature prior to the experiments. The enamel specimens were treated with one coat of theobromine at two concentrations (100 mg/l or 200 mg/l in distilled water) for 5 min. Enamel surfaces in the control group received no theobromine. They were then kept in distilled water for 1 week and subjected to SEM analysis. The specimens were demineralised by storing them in acidic hydroxyethylcellulose for three days. After baseline microhardness measurements, they were incubated either in 100 or 200 mg/l theobromine for 5 min. The control group was kept in distilled water. After washing the specimens under distilled water, they were kept in a remineralising solution for 18 h. Microhardness of the enamel surface was initially determined for each specimen before artificial demineralisation. After demineralisation, the experimental groups were incubated in 100 mg or 200 mg theobromine and control-group specimens were placed in remineralising solution. Results: Enamel surfaces of the untreated control group presented a generally smooth and slightly hummocky surface with small lines of pits. Specimens treated with theobromine showed differences between the two concentrations. The group treated with 200 mg/l solution for 5 min showed a greater quantity of globules on enamel than did specimens treated with 100 mg/l solution. Conclusion: As shown by the microhardness values, a consistent and remarkable protection of the enamel surface was found with the application of theobromine

Do ginger extract, natural honey and bitter chocolate remineralize enamel surface as fluoride toothpastes? an in-vitro study

Background: In recent literatures, much attention has been given to natural products for their health benefits. Aims: In this study, the objective was to measure the efficacy of the ginger-honey-chocolate mixture as the remineralization effect has been shown in the literature previously and to evaluate the individual contributions of this mixture; ginger, natural honey, bitter chocolate separately on remineralization of initial enamel caries lesion. Materials and Methods: All specimens were divided into eight groups as: Ginger (Arifoglu®, Turkey) in powder form, (n = 8); Ginger-Honey-Chocolate (n = 8); Natural honey (Balparmak Plateau Blossom Honey®, Turkey) (n = 9); Bitter chocolate (Nestlé®, Switzerland) (n = 8); MI Paste (GC, Japan) (n = 8); Paradontax (Sensodyne, Glaxosmithklein, USA) (n = 9); Pronamel (Sensodyne, Glaxosmithklein, USA) (n = 9); Control (n = 9) groups. Samples were carried out five pH cycles along 7 days at 37°C for each group. During pH cycling, blocks were put in a demineralization (6 h) and a remineralization solution (18 h). The treatment consisted of 1 min. interaction of enamel surfaces with agent/deionized slurries (1:3 w/w) on a daily basis. The surface microhardness (SMH) was determined before and after pH cycling with a Digital Micro-Vickers Hardness Tester (Wilson Wolpert; Europe BV, 401 MVD, Netherlands). Mineral changes were determined by using FluoreCam® and recovery values were calculated as SMHR% and FΔ%, respectively. Results: All groups showed an enhanced remineralization. There was no significant difference in terms of FΔ% (F = 1.223, P = 0.304) and SMHR% (F = 0.709, P = 0.664) between all groups. Conclusion: The herbals (ginger, honey, and bitter chocolate) examined in this study gave promising results with a high remineralization potential. © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved

A Quantitative Analysis of a Probiotic Storage Media for Avulsed Teeth

Aim: The aim of the present in vitro study was to investigate the potential of a storage medium, probiotic yogurt (Bifidibacterium animalis DN 173010) in comparison with Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), saline and milk in maintaining viable periodontal ligament (PDL) cells on simulated avulsed teeth. Materials and methods: Thirty-six freshly extracted single-rooted human teeth with closed apices were divided into six experimental groups (N=6). The teeth were extracted as atraumatically as possible and washed in sterile saline solution to eliminate residual blood. Following extractions, the coronal 3 mm of PDL tissues were scraped with a #15 scalpel to remove cells that may have been damaged. The positive and negative controls corresponded to 0 minutes and an 8-hour dry time, respectively. After extraction, the positive control teeth were immediately treated with dispase and collagenase. The negative control teeth were bench-dried for 8 h, with no follow-up storage solution time, and then placed in the dispase and collagenase. The number of viable protective least significant difference PDL cells were counted under a light microscope with a hemocytometer at 20x magnification and analyzed. Statistical analysis of the data was accomplished using Nonparametric ANOVA complemented by Kruskal-Wallis Test and Dunn's Multiple Comparisons Test. Results: Positive control was found to be significantly better than the others, there were statistically significant differences between positive control and other test groups (p=0.000). The teeth stored in positive control demonstrated the highest number of viable PDL cells followed in order by probiotic yogurt, HBSS, saline and milk. Conclusion: Bifidibacterium animalis DN 173010 seems to be an alternative for the temporary storage of avulsed teeth, due to high number of viable PDL cells. Probiotics may be suitable transport media for avulsed teeth, but further research is warranted using the commercially available products

Knowledge and attitudes of Turkish endodontists towards digital radiology and cone beam computed tomography

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes of Turkish endodontists toward digital radiological imaging (DRI) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty questionnaires were distributed. Questionnaires were given to a sample of endodontists and PhD students in endodontics who attended the 11th International Congress of the Turkish Endodontic Society in Istanbul in 2012. Following the congress, the same questionnaires were sent electronically to endodontists who did not attend the congress. The participants were asked to answer 28 multiple-choice questions concerning their knowledge and practice regarding recent imaging techniques. The questions were subdivided into 2 main topics; general information; general approach to digital imaging. The statistical analysis was carried out by an. 2 chi(2)-test to compare the means at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: The response rate for this study was 74%. The mean age of the endodontists who participated in this study was 32.74 +/- 10.40 (range 22-61 years). Of the endodontists, 76.6% used digital imaging techniques (DUEs) in their clinics. Statistically significant differences were found between the DUEs and endodontists not using digital imaging (NDUEs), regarding age, gender, graduation year and place of employment (P < 0.01). Endodontists 40-years-old and above had significantly lower knowledge of CBCT compared to the younger groups (P = 0.001). Conclusions: The number of endodontists using digital imaging has been increasing in Turkey. The findings of the present study highlighted the need for adapting to new technologies via continuing education

Parent's report on oral health-related quality of life of children with cystic fibrosis

Background Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scales are now widely used in children with cystic fibrosis (cwCF) which reflects the course of the disease. In this cross-sectional study, our primary aim was to compare the Pediatric Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (POQL) and Oral Health Score (OHS) between cwCF and healthy group. Our secondary aim was to evaluate the association between Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) colonization, pulmonary function test, OHS and POQL in cwCF. Methods The study population (age ranging 6-14) included 55 cwCF followed at the Marmara University Division of Pediatric Pulmonology compared with 50 healthy peers. A survey consisted of general questions (age, sex, etc.) and the POQL instrument were filled by parents. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth for both primary (dft) and permanent dentition (DMFT) was detected according to WHO criteria. Data like current body mass index (BMI z score), colonization status with PA, predicted value for forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1pp), and any hospitalizations during the previous year were obtained from their medical. Differences between the groups were evaluated using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U test with a significance level set at 0.05. Results There was no significant difference between PA-colonized cwCF and healthy controls in DMFT (p = 0.916). For all domains of POQL (emotional function, social function, role function), scores of cwCF were significantly better than healthy controls (p 0.05). Conclusion Although POQL scores of cwCF were encouraging, dental caries prevention and regular follow-ups should be taken into consideration

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)