Variables affecting the probability of complete fusion of the medial clavicular epiphysis

In this study, we have combined data on clavicle fusion from different studies and applied a binomial logistic regression analysis. As such, we aimed to assess whether or not variables such as sex, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity influence the probability of having mature, i.e., completely fused clavicles at a given age. We further explored whether the method of clavicle examination, i.e., diagnosis from either a dry bone specimen, an examination of X-rays, or an examination of computed tomography scans, affects the probability of being diagnosed with mature clavicles. It appeared that only ethnicity did not significantly affect this probability. Finally, we illustrated how the logit model may be used to predict the probability of being diagnosed with mature clavicles

Association of Serum Albumin with Markers of Nutritional Status among HIV-Infected and Uninfected Rwandan Women

The objectives of this study are to address if and how albumin can be used as an indication of malnutrition in HIV infected and uninfected Africans.In 2005, 710 HIV-infected and 226 HIV-uninfected women enrolled in a cohort study. Clinical/demographic parameters, CD4 count, albumin, liver transaminases; anthropometric measurements and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) were performed. Malnutrition outcomes were defined as body mass index (BMI), Fat-free mass index (FFMI) and Fat mass index (FMI). Separate linear predictive models including albumin were fit to these outcomes in HIV negative and HIV positive women by CD4 strata (CD4>350,200-350 and <200 cells/µl).In unadjusted models for each outcome in HIV-negative and HIV positive women with CD4>350 cells/µl, serum albumin was not significantly associated with BMI, FFMI or FMI. Albumin was significantly associated with all three outcomes (p<0.05) in HIV+ women with CD4 200-350 cells/µl, and highly significant in HIV+ women with CD4<200 cells/µl (P<0.001). In multivariable linear regression, albumin remained associated with FFMI in women with CD4 count<200 cells/µl (p<0.01) but not in HIV+ women with CD4>200.While serum albumin is widely used to indicate nutritional status it did not consistently predict malnutrition outcomes in HIV- women or HIV+ women with higher CD4. This result suggests that albumin may measure end stage disease as well as malnutrition and should not be used as a proxy for nutritional status without further study of its association with validated measures

Growth status and menarcheal age among adolescent school girls in Wannune, Benue State, Nigeria

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Menarcheal age is a sensitive indicator of environmental conditions during childhood. The aim of study is to determine the age at menarche and growth status in adolescents in a rural area of Tarka, Wannune, Nigeria.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Data on 722 female students (aged 12-18 years) were collected in February 2009. Height and weight were measured. Body mass index (BMI; kg m^-2) was used as an index of relative weight.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Mean and median menarcheal age calculated by probit analysis were 13.02 (SD 3.0) (95% CI: 13.02-13.07), and age 13.00 (SD 2.8) (95% CI: 12.98-13.04), respectively. Girls who reach menarche are significantly heavier and taller with higher BMIs than those of their pre-menarcheal peers.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The age of menarche is probably still declining in Nigeria. Although BMI is an important factor in the onset of menstruation, some other unmeasured environmental variables may be implicated in this population.</p

Otro color en mí

Curso de Especial interés: Psicología y sexualidadEl presente trabajo es una investigación descriptiva mediante la aplicación de instrumentos como lo son encuestas. Tiene como objetivo promover por medio de un espacio virtual informar a niños, niñas, jóvenes y adolescentes acerca de la menarquia y la torarquia, que les permita comprender los procesos y cambios físicos y psicológicos que se presentan en el desarrollo del ser humano durante la etapa de la pubertad. El producto consistió en el diseño y validación de una página web en la cual los niños, niñas y adolescentes encontrarán información sobre varios procesos, principalmente sobre la menarquia y la torarquia, allí también podrán enviar sus dudas y estas serán resueltas por profesionales en el tema. La muestra se encuentra conformada por jóvenes estudiantes entre los 18 a 29 años de la ciudad de Bogotá. Uno de los hallazgos más relevantes es que las participantes tuvieron su primera menstruación (menarquia) en un rango de edad entre los 8 a 16 años, siendo esto una variable muy importante para la investigación, mientras que en el caso de los hombres se evidenció que tuvieron su primera eyaculación entre los 9 a 16 años de edad.RESUMEN 1. JUSTIFICACIÓN 2. MARCO TEÓRICO 3. METODOLOGÍA 4. OBJETIVOS 5. DISEÑO 6. INSTRUMENTOS 7. PROCEDIMIENTO 8. ASPECTOS ÉTICOS 9. ESTUDIO DE MERCADEO 10. RESULTADOS CONCLUSIONES REFERENCIAS ANEXOSPregradoPsicólog