Volume calculation of the cattle (Bos taurus L.) and the water buffalo (Bos bubalis L.) metapodia with stereologic method

In this study, stereological volume estimations using 26 cattle metapodia (26 metacarpal and 26 metatarsal bones) and 8 water buffalo metapodia (8 metacarpal and 8 metatarsal bones) were made. For this purpose metapodia were parallel sectioned at 1 cm intervals according to Cavalieri principle. Grids with 0.4 cm probe intervals were superimposed on top of these sections and the matching points were counted. All of the bone structures and medullar cavity volumes were calculated with the data obtained from a formulation (V = t × a(p) × ΣP) as a spreadsheet using Microsoft Excel® Windows XP. In addition, percent ratio of this volume to whole bone volume was calculated. The mean ratio of bone marrow space to whole bone structure volume equals 15% in all of the cattle and buffalos. The difference between whole bone volumes of cattle and water buffalo was significant (p < 0.05) while the difference in volume of medullary cavity (cavum medullare) was not significantly different between the two investigated species. The aim of current study is to present a new method that can be used for the volumes calculation of whole bones and medullary cavity in metapodial bones and their percentages.

Osteometric examination of metapodial bones in sheep (Ovis aries L.) and goat (Capra hircus L.) unearthed from the Upper Anzaf Castle in Eastern Anatolia

In this study, the coefficient of variations (CV) of the metapodial bone measurements were compared with the literature values. When arranging the metapodium measurements of sheep with decreasing CV, the largest variation was found in the medio-lateral and dorso-palmar axes of the diaphysis, the lowest variation at the distal end of the metapodium. Based on the metapodial measurements. a shoulder height estimation was made and the calculated data were compared with present regional sheep breeds as well as with data published for other sheep breeds

Byzantine Horse Skeletons of Theodosius Harbour: 2. Withers height estimation

This study is a continuation of our previous work that focused on maintenance, intended use and pathologies of horses from the Byzantine period. In the current research Byzantine horse skeletons were investigated in order to estimate their withers heights and structural features. The skeletons were found during Marmaray Project works at Yenikapi, Istanbul, where Theodosius Harbour was located in the past. Materials have been collected during archaeological excavations started in 2004 and covering an area of 58.000 m(2). The data obtained were compared and classified. In general, the specimens were "medium" sized (38.72%, withers height 136-144 cm), and "large-medium" (36.31%, withers height 144-152 cm). According to the classification based on Brauner's metacarpal slenderness index, the horses were described as "slightly slender legged" (40%)

Byzantine horse skeletons of Theodosius harbour: 1.Paleopathology

Archaeological excavations were started in 2004 during the Yenikapi station project which is the most important change centre of Metro railway system and Marmaray hub passage in the European side. Many antique shipwrecks have been revealed and the area was confirmed as the Theodosius harbour. On the 58.000 m(2) excavation area many archaeological items and scattered horse skeletons were recovered. By examining those horse skeletons, their relation with the Theodosius harbour were studied and questions about the management conditions and rearing purposes of Byzantine horses were tried to be answered. It was thought that the Byzantine horses had been used for riding and loading at Yenikapi. in an attempt to give the presumptive reasons of pathologies on those skeletons

Volume calculation of the cattle (Bos taurus L.) and the water buffalo (Bos bubalis L.) metapodia with stereologic method

In this study, stereological volume estimations using 26 cattle metapodia (26 metacarpal and 26 metatarsal bones) and 8 water buffalo metapodia (8 metacarpal and 8 metatarsal bones) were made. For this purpose metapodia were parallel sectioned at 1 cm intervals according to Cavalieri principle. Grids with 0.4 cm probe intervals were superimposed on top of these sections and the matching points were counted. All of the bone structures and medullar cavity volumes were calculated with the data obtained from a formulation (V = t x a(p) x Sigma P) as a spreadsheet using Microsoft Excel (R) Windows XP. In addition, percent ratio of this volume to whole bone volume was calculated. The mean ratio of bone marrow space to whole bone structure volume equals 15% in all of the cattle and buffalos. The difference between whole bone volumes of cattle and water buffalo was significant (p < 0.05) while the difference in volume of medullary cavity (cavum medullare) was not significantly different between the two investigated species. The aim of current study is to present a new method that can be used for the volumes calculation of whole bones and medullary cavity in metapodial bones and their percentages

Volume calculation of the cattle (Bos taurus L.) and the water buffalo (Bos bubalis L.) metapodia with stereologic method

In this study, stereological volume estimations using 26 cattle metapodia (26 metacarpal and 26 metatarsal bones) and 8 water buffalo metapodia (8 metacarpal and 8 metatarsal bones) were made. For this purpose metapodia were parallel sectioned at 1 cm intervals according to Cavalieri principle. Grids with 0.4 cm probe intervals were superimposed on top of these sections and the matching points were counted. All of the bone structures and medullar cavity volumes were calculated with the data obtained from a formulation (V = t x a(p) x Sigma P) as a spreadsheet using Microsoft Excel (R) Windows XP. In addition, percent ratio of this volume to whole bone volume was calculated. The mean ratio of bone marrow space to whole bone structure volume equals 15% in all of the cattle and buffalos. The difference between whole bone volumes of cattle and water buffalo was significant (p < 0.05) while the difference in volume of medullary cavity (cavum medullare) was not significantly different between the two investigated species. The aim of current study is to present a new method that can be used for the volumes calculation of whole bones and medullary cavity in metapodial bones and their percentages

The intercondylar fossa indices of male and female dog femora

The intercondylar fossa (ICF) indices can be used to evaluate fossa geometry, which may in turn affect the function, pathology and intracapsular surgical repair of the cranial cruciate ligament. The measurements of digital images of the distal femur of 44 dogs were used to calculate the fossa width, shape, height and area indices. The mean values of fossa width index were found to be 0.19, 0.28 and 0.37 at the cranial, central, and caudal levels of the fossa, respectively. The mean values for fossa shape, height and area indices were found to be 0.71, 0.33, and 0.16, respectively. The differences in ICF indices between male and female dog were not significant. Therefore, it is suggested that gender differences related to ICF geometry may not have any effect on incidence of cranial cruciate ligament injury in dogs