Management of Calepitrimerus vitis (Nalepa, 1905) (Acari: Eriophyidae) in vineyards in the Region of the Campanha of Rio Grande do Sul

A presen??a de Calepitrimerus vitis (Nalepa, 1905) em vinhedos na Regi??o da Campanha do Rio Grande do Sul foi verificada a partir da safra 2004/2005 associada a sintomas de bronzeamento nas folhas. No Brasil n??o existem recomenda????es para o monitoramento deste ??caro, assim como n??o se encontra nenhum acaricida recomendado para o manejo da esp??cie na cultura da videira. Visando detectar diferen??as de infesta????o de C. vitis entre cultivares foi realizado o monitoramento da flutua????o populacional de C. vitis nas cultivares vin??feras Chardonnay e Merlot, em vinhedo comercial no munic??pio de Dom Pedrito-RS, durante os anos agr??colas 2005/2006 e 2006/2007, permitindo identificar diferen??as de infesta????o entre as cultivares de uma safra agr??cola para a outra. Foi observado que nas cultivares Chardonnay e Merlot, os picos populacionais de C. vitis ocorrem entre o final de fevereiro e o in??cio de mar??o e que h?? uma alta correla????o entre o n??mero de C. vitis presentes na face abaxial das folhas e o percentual de folhas com incid??ncia da esp??cie. Em casa de vegeta????o, durante os anos agr??colas 2006/2007 e 2007/2008 foi avaliada a efici??ncia de armadilhas adesivas para monitorar C. vitis em estacas destinadas a propaga????o, comparando as capturas em estacas oriundas de viveiros e vinhedos com diferentes hist??ricos de infesta????o. Foi observado que as armadilhas adesivas detectam a presen??a nas estacas de C. vitis. Durante os anos agr??colas 2007/2008 e 2008/2009 foi realizado o acompanhamento da din??mica populacional de C. vitis na cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon, em vinhedo comercial localizado no munic??pio de Candiota-RS, atrav??s do emprego de armadilhas adesivas e da observa????o direta na face abaxial das folhas. Assim como verificado em Dom Pedrito-RS, em Candiota-RS foi observada uma correla????o significativa e alta (r?? ≥ 0,95) entre o n??mero de C. vitis na face abaxial das folhas e o percentual de folhas com incid??ncia do ??caro. As armadilhas adesivas utilizadas para o monitoramento foram mais eficientes na detec????o de C. vitis tanto em per??odos de alta como de baixos n??veis populacionais. Avaliou-se em vinhedo comercial, inseticidas e acaricidas visando a redu????o populacional de C. vitis no outono e na primavera de 2008 e no outono de 2009. Os acaricidas espirodiclofeno e cihexatina foram os mais promissores na redu????o da infesta????o durante o outono. O emprego de enxofre em uma ??nica pulveriza????o no outono ou em duas pulveriza????es, sendo uma no outono e outra na primavera, controlou eficientemente C. vitis na primavera. O emprego dos acaricidas abamectina e espirodiclofeno uma ??nica pulveriza????o na primavera ou em duas pulveriza????es, sendo uma no outono e outra na primavera, controlou eficientemente a popula????o de C. vitis na primavera. Os acaricidas abamectina, azadiractina, cihexatina, enxofre e espirodiclofeno, avaliados para o controle de C. vitis, foram submetidos a testes de seletividade ao ??caro predador Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor, 1954). Foi verificado que 24 horas ap??s a aplica????o no vinhedo o acaricida cihexatina foi levemente nocivo, sendo todos os demais produtos testados considerados in??cuos. A partir do terceiro dia de aplica????o no vinhedo todos os produtos foram in??cuos a N. californicus, por causarem mortalidade inferior a 30%.The presence of Calepitrimerus vitis (Nalepa, 1905) in vineyards in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul was verified from the 2004/2005 harvest associated with symptoms of tanning on the leaves. In Brazil there are no recommendations for monitoring of this mite, just as there is no acaricide recommended for management of the species in vineyards. To detect differences in infestation of C. vitis among cultivars was conducted the monitoring of population fluctuations of C. vitis vinifera cultivars Chardonnay and Merlot, in a commercial vineyard in Dom Pedrito, RS, during the years 2005/2006 and 2006/2007, in order to identify differences in infestation between cultivars of a crop year to another. It was observed that the cultivars Chardonnay and Merlot, the population peaks of C. vitis occurred between late February and early March and there is a high correlation between the number of C. vitis found on the underside of the leaves and the percentage of leaves with the species. In the greenhouse, during the years 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 was evaluated the efficiency of sticky traps to monitor C. vitis in cuttings for propagation, comparing catches in cuttings derived from nurseries and vineyards with different histories of infestation. We observed that the sticky traps to detect the presence in the cuttings of C. vitis. During the crop years 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 was conducted the monitoring of population dynamics of C. vitis in Cabernet Sauvignon, in a commercial vineyard located in the town of Candiota-RS, through the use of sticky traps and direct observation on the abaxial surface of leaves. As observed in the Dom Pedrito-RS, Candiota-RS was observed a significant and high correlation (r ?? ≥ 0.95) between the number of C. vitis on the abaxial surface of leaves and percentage of leaves with the mites. The sticky traps used for monitoring were more efficient in detecting C. vitis during periods of high and low population levels. Was evaluated in a commercial vineyard, insecticides and acaricides in order to reduce the population of C. vitis in autumn and in spring 2008 and autumn 2009. The acaricides spirodiclofen and cyhexatin were the most promising in reducing the infestation during the autumn. The use of sulfur in a single autumn spray or two sprays, one in autumn and another in the spring, effectively controlled C. vitis in the spring. The use of acaricides abamectin and spirodiclofen a single spring spray or two sprays, one in autumn and another in the fall and spring, effectively controlled the population of C. vitis in the spring. The acaricides abamectin, azadirachtin, cyhexatin, sulfur and spirodiclofen evaluated for control of C. vitis were tested for selectivity to predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor, 1954). It was found that 24 hours after application in vineyard acaricide cyhexatin was slightly harmful, and all other products tested as harmless. From the third day of application in the vineyards all products were harmless to N. californicus, to cause mortality under 30

EFFECT OF ACARICIDES ON Calepitrimerus vitis (Nalepa, 1905) (ACARI: ERIOPHYIDAE) AND ON THE PRODUCTION OF VINEYARDS

ABSTRACT The southernmost region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, has emerged as one of the major poles for fine grape production (Vitis vinifera) for wine processing. In this region, grapevine rust mite (Calepitrimerus vitis) is one of the major pests for the culture; however, information is lacking about production losses caused by this species and acaricides for its control. In this paper, the acaricide effect of azadarachtin, boron + nitrogen on orange peel oil, sulfur and spirodiclofen on C. vitis on Merlot cultivar commercial grapevine was evaluated and production losses caused by the presence of the mite were estimated. The experiment was conducted during the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 growing seasons, comparing the infestation levels of C. vitis and phytoseiid mites on plants treated with acaricides by the use of sticky traps. The acaricides evaluated caused a significant drop in the population of C. vitis, and spirodiclofen was the most effective, followed by sulfur, while boron + nitrogen and azadarachtin were the less effective. The products evaluated did not affect the phytoseiid population present in the experimental area. The grape production in parcels treated with spirodiclofen was significantly greater (7.430 ± 871kg.ha-1) than in the uncontrolled parcel (6.074 ± 316kg.ha-1). Significant differences in the total sourness, pH, sugar percentage, and total sugar content of grapes between treated parcels and control were not observed. The control of C. vitis with spirodiclofen and sulfur is effective to reduce losses on yield and will not affect the population of Phytoseiids. The control of C. vitis should be carried out at the beginning of infestation with rotation of active ingredients

Flutuação populacional do ácaro-da-ferrugem-da-videira em vinhedo comercial em Candiota, RS, com diferentes métodos de amostragem Populational fluctuation of the grape rust mite in commercial vineyard in Candiota, Rio Grande do Sul State, with different sampling methods

Nos vinhedos da Região da Campanha do Rio Grande do Sul, o ácaro-da-ferrugem-da-videira, Calepitrimerus vitis (Nalepa, 1905) (Acari: Eriophyidae), tem sido encontrado com frequência desde a safra 2004/2005 associado com sintomas de bronzeamento nas folhas. A flutuação populacional de C. vitis na cultivar 'Cabernet Sauvignon' foi estudada em vinhedo comercial localizado em Candiota, RS, durante as safras agrícolas 2007/2008 (de novembro a junho) e 2008/2009 (de outubro a maio). A amostragem foi realizada nas folhas e através de armadilhas constituídas por fitas adesivas de dupla face instaladas nos ramos de produção. O pico populacional, na primeira safra, ocorreu em março de 2008 quando foram registrados 0,34 indivíduos por cm² da face abaxial das folhas medianas e 29,48 indivíduos por armadilhas. Na segunda safra, o pico populacional foi menos intenso e ocorreu em outubro de 2008, quando foram detectados 0,11 indivíduos por cm² da face abaxial das folhas medianas e 0,43 indivíduos por armadilhas. Foi detectado que o início do deslocamento de C. vitis para os locais de hibernação ocorre no verão, a partir de fevereiro. As armadilhas adesivas foram mais eficientes para identificar a presença de C. vitis no vinhedo do que a avaliação direta nas folhas. Uma correlação positiva foi encontrada entre o número de C. vitis na face abaxial das folhas e o percentual de folhas com infestação.In the vineyards of the Region of the Campanha of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, the grape rust mite Calepitrimerus vitis (Nalepa, 1905) (Acari: Eriophyidae), has been found frequently since the 2004/2005 harvest associated with symptoms of tanning on the leaves. The fluctuation of C. vitis in 'Cabernet Sauvignon' was studied in a commercial vineyard located in Candiota, RS, during the agricultural years 2007/2008 (November-June) and 2008/2009 (October-May). The sampling was carried out on the leaves and by using traps constituted by double-faced adhesive installed in the branches of production. The populational peak in the first year occurred in March, 2008, which recorded 0.34 individuals per square centimeter of the abaxial face of the medium leaves and 29.48 individuals per traps. In the second year of the experiment, the populational peak was less intense and occurred on October, 2008, when it was detected 0.11 individuals per square centimeter of the medium leaves abaxial faces and 0.43 individuals per traps. It was detected that the beginning of the displacement of C. vitis to hibernation places occurs on summer, starting in February. The adhesive traps were more efficient in identifying the presence of C. vitis in the vineyard than the direct evaluation on leaves. A positive correlation was found between the number C. vitis on the abaxial surface of leaves and percentage of leaves infested