Comparacion Of Filter Elements In Obstruction Level In Drip Irrigation [comparação De Elementos Filtrantes No Grau De Obstrução Em Irrigação Por Gotejamento]

The research had as objective to show the variation of water quality and its influence in the head loss of two filtration systems (disc filter and non-woven synthetic fabrics) used in a dripper irrigation system. For a better comparison of the filters were used two water uniformity distribution index to estimate the obstructions of emitters and analyzed the main physical, chemical and biological parameters of the irrigation water causing problem of obstruction in drippers during of the period of one year.. The evaluation criterions of the impurities in the irrigation water were based on the studies of the trickle irrigation systems. The parameters analyzed were: pH, turbidity, suspended solids, dissolved solids, EC, hardness, Langelier index, total iron, sulphites, algae and bacterium. The source of water used in this experiment was from an open reservoir, where it has been installed an experimental trickle irrigation system. The research was developed in four phases of 30 days each, in different seasons of year. The interpretation of the results showed that the chemical factors, which presented medium risk of clogging for the emitters, were pH and the concentration of iron and sulphites. The physical and biological analyzed parameters of water quality showed low risk of clogging in the drippers. In the filter of non-woven synthetic fabrics the evolution of head loss was sharper and faster than in the disc filter.333488500Almeida, O.A., Cruz das Almas: Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura (2010) Qualidade da água de irrigação, , ://www.cnpmf.embrapa.br/publicacoes/livro/livro_qualidade_agua.pdf, Disponível emAPHA., AMERICAN., PUBLIC., HEALTH., ASSOCIATION (1992) Standard methods for examination of water and, wastewate, pp. 9.32-19. , Washington: APHA : Heterotrophic plate countAPHA., AMERICAN., PUBLIC., HEALTH., ASSOCIATION (1985) Standard methods for the examination of water and, wastewater, pp. 1.268. , 16th., ed., Washington: APHAAWWA;, APCFASAE., AMERICAN., SOCIETY., OF., AGRICULTURAL., ENGINEERS (1996) Field evaluation of microirrigation systems, pp. 792-797Bralts, V.F., Kesner, C.D., Drip irrigation field uniformity estimation (1983) Transactions of the ASAE, 26 (5), pp. 1. 369-11. , St. JosephBusato, C.C.M., Soares, A., Desempenho de gotejadores, utilizando água de baixa qualidade química e biológica (2010) Bioscience Journal, 26 (5), pp. 739-746. , UberlândiaBusato, C.C.M., Soares, A.A., Ramos, M.M., Reis, E.F., Busato, C., Dicloroisocianurato na prevenção do entupimento devido ao uso de águas ferruginosas em sistemas de irrigação por gotejamento (2012) Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 33 (1), pp. 49-56. , LondrinaFranco, R.A.M., Hernandez, F.B.T., Qualidade da água para irrigação na microbacia do Coqueiro, Estado de São Paulo (2009) Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 5, pp. 382-385. , Campina GrandeMartins, C.C., Soares, A.A., Ramos, M.M., Reis, E.F., Aplicação de cloro orgânico no tratamento de tubogotejador utilizado na irrigação com água ferruginosa (2010) Acta Scientiarum Agronomy, Maringá, 32 (1), pp. 1-5Moura, R.S., Hernandez, F.B.T., Leite, M.A., Franco, R.A.M., Feitosa, D.G., Machado, L.F., Qualidade da água para uso em irrigação na microbacia do córrego do cinturão verde, município de Ilha Solteira (2010) In: WORKSHOP INTERNACIONAL DE INOVAÇÕES TECNOLÓGICAS NA IRRIGAÇÃO, , 3FortalezaMoura, R.S., Hernandez, F.B.T., Vanzela, L.S., Monitoramento da qualidade química da água para fins de irrigação no córrego Três Barras, Marinópolis - SP (2007) In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA AGRÍCOLA, , 36. 2007Bonito. Resumos. . . Bonito: SBEA CD-ROMPaterniani, J.E.S., Scatolini, M.E., Eficiência de diferentes elementos filtrantes na prevenção de obstrução de gotejadores (2003) Irriga, Botucatu, 8, pp. 78-87Ribeiro, T.A.P., Paterniani, J.E.S., Microaspersores entupidos devido a problemas de ferro na água (2008) Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, 38 (5), pp. 1.456-11Ribeiro, T.A.P., Paterniani, J.E.S., Airoldi, R.P.S., Silva, M.J.M., Comparison of filtrating elements in the treatment of irrigation water (2008) Transactions of the ASAE, 51, pp. 441-453. , St. JosephRibeiro, T.A.P., Paterniani, J.E.S., Coletti, C., Chemical treatment to unclogg dripper irrigation systems due to biological problems (2008) Scientia Agrícola, Piracicaba, 65 (1), pp. 1-9Ribeiro, T.A.P., Paterniani, J.E.S., Silva, Airoldi, R.P.S., Silva, M.J.M., Variação dos parâmetros físicos, químicos e biológicos da água em um sistema de irrigação localizada (2005) Revista Brasileira Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, Campina Grande, 9 (3), pp. 295-301Smajstrla, A.G., Harrison, D.S., Zazueta, F.S., Gainesville (1985) Field evaluation of trickle irrigation systems, , uniformity of water application (IFAS Bulletin, 195) University of FloridaSpellman, F.R., (2006) Handbook of water and wastewater treatment plant operations, , 2nd ed Boca Raton: CRC PressTundisi, J.G., Tundisi, M.T., Abe, D.S., Rocha, O., Starling, F., Limnologia de águas interiores: impactos, conservação e recuperação de ecossistemas aquáticos (2006) Águas doces no Brasil, 7, pp. 203-240. , In: REBOUÇAS, A. C.BRAGA, B.TUNDISI, J. G. (Org. ) capital ecológico, uso e conservação. 3. ed. São Paulo: Escrituras Editora

EFICIÃNCIA DE MANTA SINTÃTICA NÃO TECIDA NA REMOÃÃO DE ALGAS PRESENTES NA ÃGUA DE IRRIGAÃÃO

Foram realizados ensaios comparativos entre elementos de disco, tela e uma manta sintética não tecida para verificar a eficiência da manta sintética na remoção de algas, quando utilizada em filtros para irrigação localizada. Nestes ensaios os três meios filtrantes foram submetidos à vazão e pressão constantes e foi feita contagem de algas no afluente e no efluente desses filtros. A contagem de algas foi realizada pelo método de Sedgwick-Rafter, de acordo com o âStandard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewaterâ e aplicou-se o teste F para análise da variância e os dados, em porcentagem, foram transformados segundo o arco seno da raiz de x/ 100. A partir destes dados foi feita análise estatística (teste de Duncan) para verificar diferenças significativas entre os elementos filtrantes. Os resultados demonstraram que as mantas não tecidas apresentaram desempenho superior aos elementos de tela e disco, com 35% de remoção de algas, enquanto que os elementos de tela e disco apresentaram 26% de remoção. Palavras-Chave: filtragem, irrigação localizada, qualidade da água. ABSTRACT Comparative tests among screen, disks and non woven synthetic fabrics filters had been carried through to verify the efficiency of the non woven synthetic fabrics in the algae removal, when used in filters for drip irrigation. In these tests three filter elements had been submitted to the constant outflow and pressure and were made algae counting in filters affluent and effluent. The algae tally was carried through by the method of Sedgwick-Rafter, in accordance with the " Standard Methods for the examination of water and wastewater " and applied test F for analysis of the variance and the data, in percentage, had been transformed according to arc sine of the root of x / 100. These data were analyzed (test of Duncan) to verify significant differences between the filter elements. The results had demonstrated that non woven fabrics presented better performance than screen and disks elements, with 35% of algae removal, while the screen and disks elements had presented 26% of removal. Key Words: filtration, trickle irrigation, water quality

Microsprinkler Clogged Due To Iron Problems In The Water [microaspersores Entupidos Devido A Problemas De Ferro Na água]

An important aspect to be considered in irrigation managment is the uniformity distribution of water through the irrigation system. This research had the objective to evaluate the efficiency of chlorination in the use of sodium hypochlorite in clearing of microsprinkler due to the presence of high iron concentration in water. The equipment with less than a year of use presenting sectors with 5% and 57% lower flow than the original project flow. The chemical treatment of water irrigation utilized sodium hypochlorite with 12% free chlorine on 100mg L-1 concentration, and sulphuric acid 98% to maintain the pH of water irrigation about 4.5. The result demonstrated a significant increase in the average flow of the microsprinkler's variation in all evaluted setors, and decrease in their flow variation related to the estimated in the project.38514561459BRALTS, F.V., KESNER, D.C., Drip irrigation field uniformity estimation (1983) Transactions of the American Society Agricultural Engineer, 26 (5), pp. 1369-1374CORDEIRO, E.A., (2002) Influência do tratamento de água ferruginosa no desempenho de sistema de irrigação por gotejamento, pp. 92f. , Dissertação Mestrado em Irrigação, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de ViçosaLOPEZ, R.J., (1997) Riego localizado, , 2.ed. Madri: Mundi-Prensa, 405pNAKAYAMA, F.S., BUCKS, D.A., (1986) Trickle irrigation for crop production: Design, operation and management, , Amsterdam: Elsevier, 383pRAVINA, I., Control of emitter clogging in drip irrigation with reclaimed wastewater (1992) Irrigation Science, 13, pp. 129-139VIEIRA, G.H.S., Recuperação de gotejadores obstruídos devido à utilização de águas ferruginosas. (2004) Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 8 (1), pp. 1-

Processing Of Moringa Oleifera Seeds Using Different Equipments To Obtain Coagulant Solution [processamento De Sementes De Moringa Oleifera Utilizando-se Diferentes Equipamentos Para Obtenção De Solução Coagulante]

This work was condcted to assess four different equipments used in processing seeds of Moringa oleifera to produce a coagulant solution to be used in water treatment with the turbidity obtained synthetically. Six coagulant solutions with different types of processing were used in assays of coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation in Jar-Test equipment. The dose of coagulant solution was 500 mg L-1 and the evaluated parameters were turbidity and apparent color. After 30 min of sedimentation, it was clear that the best processes to reduce turbidity and apparent color were the pestle and grinder, respectively, however, in both cases the sieving of the powder was essential in reducing the parameters in question. Using a blender and a mixer the reduction rates of turbidity and apparent color were the lowest. The grinding of the seeds during processing in the grinder and the pestle remove part of the oil present in them, which does not occur when using the blender and mixer, stating that e removal of oil present in the seeds result in a more efficient coagulant solution.166661666Agrawal, H., Shee, C., Sharma, A.K., Isolation of a 66 KDa protein with coagulation activity from seeds of Moringa oleifera (2007) Global Journal of Biotechnology & Biochemistry, 2, pp. 36-39Amagloh, F.K., Benang, A., Effectiveness of Moringa oleifera seed as coagulant for water purification (2009) African Journal of Agricultural Research, 4, pp. 119-123(2005) Standard Methods For the Examination of Water and Wastewater, , APHA - American Public Health Association, 21 ed. New York: APHABorba, L.R., (2001) Viabilidade Do Uso Da Moringa Oleifera Lam No Tratamento Simplificado De Água Para Pequenas Comunidades, p. 96. , João Pessoa: UFPB, Dissertação MestradoDi Bernardo, L., Dantas, A.D.B., (2005) Métodos E Técnicas De Tratamento De Água, p. 792. , 2.ed. São Carlos: RiMaGallão, M.I., Damasceno, L.F., Brito, E.S., Avaliação química e estrutural da semente de Moringa (2006) Revista Ciência Agronômica, 37, pp. 106-109Ghebremichael, K.A., Gunaratn, K.R., Henriksson, H., Brumer, H., Dalhamman, G., A simple purification and activity assay of the coagulant protein from Moringa oleifera seed (2005) Water Research, 39, pp. 2338-2344Katayon, S., Noor, M.J.M.M., Asma, M., Ghani, L.A.A., Thamer, A.M., Azni, I., Ahmad, J., Suleyman, A.M., Effects of storage conditions of Moringa oleifera seeds n its performace in coagulation (2006) Bioresource Technology, 97, pp. 1455-1460Libânio, M., (2008) Fundamentos De Qualidade E Tratamento De Água, p. 444. , 2.ed. Campinas: Editora ÁtomoMadrona, G.S., Serpelloni, G.B., Vieira, A.M.S., Cardoso, K.C., Bergamasco, R., Study of the effect saline solution on the extraction of the Moringa oleifera seed's active component for water treatment (2010) Water Air Soil Pollution, 211, pp. 409-415Ndabigengesere, A., Narasiah, K.S., Quality of water treated by coagulation using Moringa oleifera seeds (1998) Water Research, 32, pp. 781-791Ndabigengesere, A., Narasiah, K.S., Talbot, B.G., Active agents and mechanism of coagulation of turbid waters using Moringa oleifera (1995) Water Research, 29, pp. 703-710Okuda, T., Baes, A.U., Nishijima, W., Okada, M., Improvement of extraction method of coagulation active components from Moringa oleifera seed (1999) Water Research, 33, pp. 3373-3378Okuda, T., Baes, A.U., Nishijima, W., Okada, M., Isolation and characterization of coagulant extracted from Moringa oleifera seed by salt solution (2001) Water Research, 35, pp. 405-410Paterniani, J.E.S., Mantovani, M.C., Sant'anna, M.R., Uso de sementes de Moringa oleifera para tratamento de agues superficiais (2009) Revista Brasileira De Engenharia Agrícola E Ambiental, 13, pp. 765-771Paterniani, J.E.S., Ribeiro, T.A.P., Mantovani, M.C., Sant'anna, M.R., Water treatment by sedimentation andslow fabric filtration using Moringa oleifera seeds (2010) African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5, pp. 1256-1263Silva, F.J.A., Mattos, J.E.X., Sobre dispersões de moringa oleifera para tratamento de água (2008) Revista De Tecnologia, 29, pp. 157-16

IMPORTÃNCIA DO CONTROLE DE INFORMAÃÃES DA ORIGEM DA CARNE BOVINA PARA A SAÃDE PÃBLICA

Este trabalho refere-se a aplicação das técnicas de rastreabilidade na produção de carne bovina, visando garantir informações sobre a origem e registros do rebanho. Essa nova forma de levantamento de dados do animal deve-se principalmente as exigências do mercado externo em função de problemas já ocorridos relacionados à saúde pública. Diversas contaminações com Escherichia Coli, Sthafiloccocus Aureus, Campylobacter Jejuni, Salmonellas e doenças como Brucelose ocorrida à população têm sido detectadas como de origem do consumo da carne bovina, leite e seus derivados. Com aplicação da técnica de rastreabilidade pretende-se garantir as informações ao longo da cadeia de produção. Palavras-chave: Rastreabilidade; mercados-externos; saúde pública; carne bovina. ABSTRACT This work deals with the application of techniques of traceability in the production of the bovine meat, in order to guarantee information on the origin and registers of the flock. This new way of data-collection is mainly due to the requirements of the external market because of problems occured in public health. Several contaminations with Escherichia Coli, Sthafiloccocus Aureus, Campylobacter Jejuni, Salmonellas and illnesses like Brucelose have been detected having their origin from the consumption of the bovine meat, milk and its derivatives. It is intended, through the application of the traceability techniques, to acquisiton the information along the production chain. Key wordss: Traceability; market-external; public health; bovine meat