Development of Reverse-Phase HPLC Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Metoprolol Succinate and Hydrochlorothiazide in a Tablet Formulation

Purpose: To develop a simple, sensitive and rapid reverse phase HPLC method for the simultaneous analysis of metoprolol succinate and hydrochlorothiazide in a solid dosage form. Methods: The drugs were analysed by a reverse phase C-18 column using 50mM di-sodium hydrogen phosphate:methanol:acetonitrile in a ratio of 525:225:250 as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1 ml/min and the compounds were detected by a UV-detector at 222 nm at a column temperature of 24 ± 2 ºC. The method was statistically validated for linearity and accuracy. Results: The retention time and drug content of metoprolol succinate and  hydrochlorothiazide were 5.38 min, 96.05 % and 3.04 min., 97.64 %, respectively. Conclusion: The study shows that the developed method is simple and accurate and that it would be suitable for the simultaneous determination of metoprolol succinate and hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical formulations.Keywords: Metoprolol succinate; Hydrochlorothiazide; Simultaneous analysis; High performance liquid chromatography; Tablet formulatio

Anomalous size dependent rheological behavior of alumina based nanofluids

This paper was presented at the 2nd Micro and Nano Flows Conference (MNF2009), which was held at Brunel University, West London, UK. The conference was organised by Brunel University and supported by the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, IPEM, the Italian Union of Thermofluid dynamics, the Process Intensification Network, HEXAG - the Heat Exchange Action Group and the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications.Rheological behaviour of Alumina (Al2O3) based nanofluids (NFs) has been studied and found to be exhibit unexpected behaviour. Two base-fluids viz, water and ethylene glycols (EG). Three particle sizes (11, 45 and 150 nm), varying over an order of magnitude, were used to analyze the effect of particle size. The experimental data has shown typical Newtonian behavior for both W based and EG based alumina NFs The viscosity of EG based NFs is found to be anomalously reduced compared to the base fluid. This reduction in viscosity may be due to hygroscopic nature of EG or due to the presence of water in as-received high concentration sample also, as told by some researchers. However, this phenomenon was absent for water based NFs. The inter-related effects of particle size, concentration and mode of dispersion (mono or poly-dispersed) were investigated. To eliminate the effect of size variation, mono dispersed NFs are obtained by centrifuging and re-suspension of parent NFs. Particle migration under shear is attributed to the reduction of viscosity. The increase in bulk viscosity with particle size reduction is attributed to the surface forces acting between the particles and the medium in a suspension

A study of the reporting of patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) in orthodontic research

Introduction: Patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) in research is an essential component of high-quality research. Patients and the public can identify which research topics are most relevant to them, contribute to study design, and interpretation and dissemination of findings. While inclusion of PPIE is widely adopted in medical research, awareness within the dental research community is more limited. Aim: To examine patient and public involvement and engagement in orthodontic research activity. Design: Identification and appraisal of use of PPIE in orthodontic research reporting and funding applications using a systematic approach. Methods: Three sources of information were examined: (1) research articles published between September 2018 and September 2019 in four major orthodontic journals. Articles were examined for reported PPIE; (2) common funding bodies for orthodontic research were assessed to establish whether PPIE was mandated (National Institute for Health Research, Medical Research Council, Wellcome Trust, Chief Scientist Office (Scotland), Health and Care Research Wales, British Orthodontic Society Foundation, Royal College of Surgeons and CLEFT); and (3) publication guidance for authors in these journals was examined to identify whether reporting of PPIE was included. Results: Of the 363 research articles, 2 (0.6%) mention patient/public involvement. None of the 363 research articles mention patient/public engagement. Of nine funding bodies, 2 (22%) request evidence of patient/public involvement as a condition of receiving funding with one (11%) expecting evidence of public engagement to be provided as a condition of receiving funding. None of the four major orthodontic journals include patient/public involvement and/or engagement in their guidance for authors. Conclusion: There is currently: (1) a notable lack of reporting of PPIE in orthodontic research; (2) variability in the requirements of funding bodies for researchers to include PPIE in funding applications and throughout the research process; and (3) no stipulation in journals’ instructions for authors

Scanning the visual world: a study of patients with homonymous hemianopia.

Published versio

Microtuberization, minitubers formation and in vitro shoot regeneration from bud sprout of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar K. badshah

Kufri badshah is one of the important medium maturing, blight resistant potato varieties with round to oblong tubers; it has yellowish skin, shallow eye and white pulp. This variety is popular among farmers. The study on development of tissue culture protocol was carried out using sprout as an explant for initiation of culture in MS media supplemented with eleven different combinations of growth hormones: indole butyric acid (IBA), kinetin, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D). The response for growth proliferation was observed. The treatment involving a combination of IBA, kinetin, NAA and 2,4-D gave good response for growth of shoot. The resultant shoots were subcultured further using nodal cutting as explants in same media for further multiplication. The developed plantlets were hardened in green house. Hardened plants were transplanted in the soil for further growth and development. The plants yielded 3-17 healthy minitubers. For microtuber production, high level of sucrose (8%) gave promising results than low level of sucrose (3%).Keywords: Kufri badshah, explants, indole butyric acid (IBA), kinetin, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and microtuber.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(38), pp. 5640-564