An annotated list of ornamentals naturally found infected by Brevipalpus mite-transmitted viruses

The first cases of ornamental plants found infected by Brevipalpus transmitted viruses (BTV) were described in the 1990's from the region of Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil; subsequent cases were from other regions in the country and other American countries. Currently, 37 ornamental plant species (for the sake of simplicity, orchids being considered as a single species), belonging to 18 families of dicotyledons, have been reported hosting BTV. Because of the non systemic type of infection of these viruses, the localized diseases they cause are unimportant usually, but they have the potential to cause economic losses if severe outbreaks of Brevipalpus mite populations occur. Some ornamentals may serve as reservoirs to BTV known to cause serious damage to food crops as Citrus leprosis virus- cytoplasmic type (CiLV-C), passion fruit green spot virus (PFGSV) and Coffee ringspot virus (CoRSV).Os primeiros casos de plantas ornamentais encontradas naturalmente infetadas por vírus transmitidos por Brevipalpus (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) (VTB) foram registrados nos anos 1990 na região de Piracicaba, Estado de São Paulo, e ocorrências subseqüentes foram observadas em várias outras regiões do país e de outros países das Américas. Atualmente acham-se relatadas 37 espécies de ornamentais (para efeito de simplificação, orquídeas foram consideradas como única espécie) pertencentes a 18 famílias botânicas. Pelo fato de causarem apenas infecções localizadas, geralmente nas folhas, VTB em ornamentais não causam preocupações aos produtores, mas potencialmente podem causar perdas econômicas se ocorrerem explosões populacionais do ácaro vetor. Plantas ornamentais podem servir de reservatório de VTB de importância econômica como os vírus da leprose dos citros-tipo citoplasmático (CiLV-C), da mancha verde do maracujá (PFGSV) e da mancha anular do cafeeiro (CoRSV)

Comparasion between TiO2 thin films deposited by DC and RF sputtering

This paper compares titanium oxide (TiO2) thin films deposited by RF and DC sputtering. Structural characterization was used to investigate the morphology of TiO2 thin films. Both films show the rutile and anatase crystal structure; ellipsometry show thickness and refractive index of 50 nm and 2.43 for the TiO2 deposited by DC sputtering and 40 nm and 2.32 for the film by RF sputtering; AFM shows the roots mean square (RMS) roughness of 6.5 nm and 8 nm for TiO2 deposited by DC and RF sputtering, respectively. For electrical characterization was developed MOS capacitor; from them was possible to determine which method forms the best dielectric film, defined by high dielectric constant value (high-k), lower charge density (Q0/q) and flat-band voltage (VFB) around-0.9V. Therefore, the best method to deposit TiO2 is DC reactive sputtering; because this method showed a better electrical conditions and a well-defined crystalline structure.CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESSem informaçãoSem informação34. Symposium on Microelectronics Technology and Device

Metagenomic Analysis Of A Tropical Composting Operation At The São Paulo Zoo Park Reveals Diversity Of Biomass Degradation Functions And Organisms

Composting operations are a rich source for prospection of biomass degradation enzymes. We have analyzed the microbiomes of two composting samples collected in a facility inside the São Paulo Zoo Park, in Brazil. All organic waste produced in the park is processed in this facility, at a rate of four tons/day. Total DNA was extracted and sequenced with Roche/454 technology, generating about 3 million reads per sample. To our knowledge this work is the first report of a composting whole-microbial community using high-throughput sequencing and analysis. The phylogenetic profiles of the two microbiomes analyzed are quite different, with a clear dominance of members of the Lactobacillus genus in one of them. We found a general agreement of the distribution of functional categories in the Zoo compost metagenomes compared with seven selected public metagenomes of biomass deconstruction environments, indicating the potential for different bacterial communities to provide alternative mechanisms for the same functional purposes. Our results indicate that biomass degradation in this composting process, including deconstruction of recalcitrant lignocellulose, is fully performed by bacterial enzymes, most likely by members of the Clostridiales and Actinomycetales orders. © 2013 Martins et al.84Ryckeboer, J., Mergaert, J., Vaes, K., Klammer, S., De Clercq, D., A survey of bacteria and fungi occurring during composting and self-heating processes (2003) Annals of Microbiology, 53, pp. 349-410Ishii, K., Takii, S., Comparison of microbial communities in four different composting processes as evaluated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis (2003) Journal of Applied Microbiology, 95, pp. 109-119Steger, K., Eklind, Y., Olsson, J., Sundh, I., Microbial community growth and utilization of carbon constituents during thermophilic composting at different oxygen levels (2005) Microbial Ecology, 50, pp. 163-171Takebayashi, S., Narihiro, T., Fujii, Y., Hiraishi, A., Water availability is a critical determinant of a population shift from Proteobacteria to Actinobacteria during start-up operation of mesophilic fed-batch composting (2007) Microbes and Environments, 22, pp. 279-289Vargas-Garcia, M.C., Suarez-Estrella, F., Lopez, M.J., Moreno, J., Microbial population dynamics and enzyme activities in composting processes with different starting materials (2010) Waste Management, 30, pp. 771-778Partanen, P., Hultman, J., Paulin, L., Auvinen, P., Romantschuk, M., Bacterial diversity at different stages of the composting process (2010) BMC Microbiology, 10, p. 94Kumar, S., Composting of municipal solid waste (2011) Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 31, pp. 112-136Peters, S., Koschinsky, S., Schwieger, F., Tebbe, C.C., Succession of microbial communities during hot composting as detected by PCR-single-strand-conformation polymorphism-based genetic profiles of small-subunit rRNA genes (2000) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66, pp. 930-936Alfreider, A., Peters, S., Tebbe, C.C., Rangger, A., Insam, H., Microbial community dynamics during composting of organic matter as determined by 16S ribosomal DNA analysis (2002) Compost Science & Utilization, 10, pp. 303-312Steger, K., Sjogren, A.M., Jarvis, A., Jansson, J.K., Sundh, I., Development of compost maturity and Actinobacteria populations during full-scale composting of organic household waste (2007) Journal of Applied Microbiology, 103, pp. 487-498Guo, Y., Zhu, N., Zhu, S., Deng, C., Molecular phylogenetic diversity of bacteria and its spatial distribution in composts (2007) Journal of Applied Microbiology, 103, pp. 1344-1354Franke-Whittle, I.H., Knapp, B.A., Fuchs, J., Kaufmann, R., Insam, H., Application of COMPOCHIP microarray to investigate the bacterial communities of different composts (2009) Microbial Ecology, 57, pp. 510-521Anastasi, A., Varese, G.C., Marchisio, V.F., Isolation and identification of fungal communities in compost and vermicompost (2005) Mycologia, 97, pp. 33-44Hultman, J., Vasara, T., Partanen, P., Kurola, J., Kontro, M.H., Determination of fungal succession during municipal solid waste composting using a cloning-based analysis (2010) Journal of Applied Microbiology, 108, pp. 472-487Bent, S.J., Forney, L.J., The tragedy of the uncommon: understanding limitations in the analysis of microbial diversity (2008) The ISME Journal, 2, pp. 689-695Hong, S.H., Bunge, J., Leslin, C., Jeon, S., Epstein, S.S., Polymerase chain reaction primers miss half of rRNA microbial diversity (2009) The ISME Journal, 3, pp. 1365-1373van Elsas, J.D., Boersma, F.G.H., A review of molecular methods to study the microbiota of soil and the mycosphere (2011) European Journal of Soil Biology, 47, pp. 77-87Gonzalez, J.M., Portillo, M.C., Belda-Ferre, P., Mira, A., Amplification by PCR Artificially Reduces the Proportion of the Rare Biosphere in Microbial Communities (2012) PloS ONE, 7, pp. e29973Lombard, N., Prestat, E., van Elsas, J.D., Simonet, P., Soil-specific limitations for access and analysis of soil microbial communities by metagenomics (2011) FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 78, pp. 31-49Allgaier, M., Reddy, A., Park, J.I., Ivanova, N., D'haeseleer, P., Targeted discovery of glycoside hydrolases from a switchgrass-adapted compost community (2010) PloS ONE, 5, pp. e8812Shokralla, S., Spall, J.L., Gibson, J.F., Hajibabaei, M., Next-generation sequencing technologies for environmental DNA research (2012) Molecular Ecology, 21, pp. 1794-1805Thomas, T., Gilbert, J., Meyer, F., Metagenomics - 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Resposta diferencial de espécies e de híbridos de citros à leprose Differential response of citrus species and hybrids to leprosis

O objetivo deste trabalho foi buscar novas fontes de resistência à leprose-dos-citros, no Banco Ativo de Germoplasma do Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico, em Cordeirópolis, SP. Foram utilizadas plantas obtidas por sementes de 26 acessos, infectadas com o vírus da leprose-dos-citros (Citrus leprosis virus - CiLV), por meio do seu vetor Brevipalpus phoenicis. O aparecimento de lesões, a partir de 21 dias após a inoculação, foi observado em 11 dos genótipos testados (42,3%). Quinze espécies, entre elas Citrus pennivesiculata e C. celebica, comportaram-se como altamente resistentes, enquanto outras, como C. keraji, foram mais suscetíveis que o padrão C. sinensis. Os dados mostraram grande variação de respostas de Citrus spp. à leprose, com elevado número de espécies resisentes, que podem ser utilizadas como fonte de resistência à doença em programas de melhoramento.<br>The objective of this work was to prospect for new sources of resistance to leprosis in the Citrus Germplasm Bank of Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico, in Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil. Plants obtained through seeds from 26 citrus accessions were mite-infected with Citrus leprosis virus (CiLV). Typical lesions started to appear in 11 genotypes (42.3% of the tested accessions) 21 days after inoculation. Fifteen species, among them Citrus pennivesiculata and C. celebica, behaved as highly resistant, while other genotypes, as C. keraji, were more susceptible than the standard C. sinensis. The data showed a wide variation in the response of Citrus spp. to leprosis, with a large number of resistant species, wich can be used as source of resistance to this disease, in breeding programs

Relaxin-2 during pregnancy according to glycemia, continence status, and pelvic floor muscle function

Introduction and hypothesis: To investigate relaxin-2 concentration comparing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and non-GDM patients during pregnancy according to urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic function status. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study evaluating 282 pregnant women from 24 weeks of gestation. The participants were divided into two groups, non-GDM and GDM, according to American Diabetes Association’s diabetes mellitus gestational threshold. In addition, according to subanalysis, both groups were subdivided according to the presence of pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence: non-GDM continent, non-GDM incontinent, GDM continent, and GDM incontinent. All participants filled in questionnaires on clinical, obstetric, and urinary continence status (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form, ICIQ-SF, and Incontinence Severity Index, ISI), followed by pelvic floor muscle evaluation by the PERFECT scheme in which strength, endurance, and speed of contractions were evaluated. Results: Serum relaxin-2 concentrations were significantly lower in pregnant women with pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence in both non-GDM and GDM patients, but GDM showed the lowest concentration. In addition, the stratification of the groups according to pelvic floor muscle strength showed that pregnant patients with GDM and modified Oxford scale 0–2 had significantly lower levels than those who were non-GDM and GDM with Modified Oxford Scale 3–5. Relaxin-2 level was much lower in GDM incontinent pregnant women with MOS 0–2 compared to the other three groups. Conclusions: Lower relaxin-2 concentration was associated with the presence of pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence, but the combination of GDM, pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence, and lower levels of pelvic floor strength led to lower levels of relaxin-2 compared to the other three groups.Postgraduate Program on Tocogynecology São Paulo State University (UNESP), BotucatuSchool of Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences University of OttawaDepartment of Physical Education Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio ClaroPostgraduate Program on Tocogynecology São Paulo State University (UNESP), BotucatuDepartment of Physical Education Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Clar

Ex vivo myo-mechanical assessment of isolated rectus abdominis muscle in pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence: a cross-sectional study nested within the Diamater cohort

Background: Rectus abdominis muscle (RAM) myopathy is the underlying mechanism of pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence (PSUI), which has been shown to be a predictor of long-term urinary incontinence (UI). However, there is limited knowledge about selective ex vivo myo-mechanical assessment (MMA) of the RAM in healthy pregnant women, particularly those with PSUI. Results: Our analysis revealed no specific quantitative parameters from the window analysis or contractile response of the RAM in ex vivo MMA. A gradual and consistent decline was predominantly observed in the peak and strength parameters for both groups. The qualitative contractile response analysis of the RAM using peak and strength parameters revealed three distinct behaviors under electrical stimulation: a progressive decrease in strength, sudden muscular arrest, and asynchrony with erratic fluctuations. In-depth quantitative analysis of the RAM ex vivo did not yield substantial differences between the two groups. However, qualitative analysis proved valuable in distinguishing the groups, revealing a tendency toward the loss of the progressive peak declines observed in the control group. Conclusion: This study highlights the complexity of RAM myopathy in the context of PSUI and its potential impact on UI outcomes. Method: In this cross-sectional study nested within a cohort, we examined ex vivo myography assessments in 87 mothers, comprising 48 with PSUI and 39 without PSUI, all of whom exhibited normal glucose tolerance. General data were extracted from our database, whereas RAM samples were collected during C-section for qualitative and quantitative ex vivo myography analysis, with a focus on initial and final baseline measurements, peak responses, strength, and duration times.Postgraduate Program On Tocogynecology Botucatu Medical School (FMB) São Paulo State University (UNESP), SPCellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL) Department of Obstetrician Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSchool of Sciences Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Technology (POSMAT) São Paulo State University (UNESP), SPFaculty of Health Sciences University of OttawaDepartment of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy School of Philosophy and Sciences (FCC) São Paulo State University (UNESP), SPCentre for Biotechnology Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences (DU), Loni, Rahata Taluk, Ahmednagar District, MaharashtraPostgraduate Program On Tocogynecology Botucatu Medical School (FMB) São Paulo State University (UNESP), SPSchool of Sciences Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Technology (POSMAT) São Paulo State University (UNESP), SPDepartment of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy School of Philosophy and Sciences (FCC) São Paulo State University (UNESP), S