Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf. on Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus mutans and Candida spp.

Medicinal plants with fungicide action, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects are under investigation. The main purpose of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf. on strains of Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus mutans and Candida spp. with planktonic and biofilm growth. To study the micro-organisms in planktonic cells, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by using 9 clinical strains for each species and 1 ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) from C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, S. aureus, S. epidermidis and S. mutans. In order to evaluate the effects of the essential oils on biofilms, strains of S. aureus (ATCC 6538), S. mutans (ATCC 35688) and C. albicans (ATCC 18804) were used. The biofilm was formed on acrylic resin discs with isolated micro-organisms or in associations. The number of colony-forming-units (CFU) obtained in each biofilm (CFU/ml) was submitted to Student's t statistical test. The results demonstrated that the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus showed microbiostatic and microbicidal activity against all tested strains. The average CFU/ml for the biofilm of S. aureus, S. mutans and C. albicans, whether isolated or in association, was lower in the group treated with essential oil than in the control group

Surface Finishing Of Resin-modified Glass Ionomer

This study utilized spectrophotometry to evaluate in vitro superficial dye deposition on resin-modified glass ionomer, following different surface finishing and polishing treatments. Materials that were photocured adjacent to the mylar strip produced the surfaces with the lowest mean after superficial staining. A restorative technique without excesses resulted in a smoother surface and prolonged the life of the restoration. The resin-modified glass ionomers tested offer adequate clinical performance.516541543Attin, T., Vataschki, M., Hellwig, E., Properties of resin-modified glass-ionomer restorative materials and two polyacid-modified resin composite materials (1996) Quintessence Int, 27, pp. 203-209Mount, G.J., Glass-ionomers: A review of their current status (1999) Oper Dent, 24, pp. 115-124Benelli, E.M., Serra, M.C., Rodrigues Jr., A.L., Cury, J.A., In situ anticariogenic potential of glass ionomer cement (1993) Caries Res, 27, pp. 280-284Bourke, A.M., Walls, A.W., McCabe, J.F., Light-activated polyalkenoate (ionomer) cements: The setting reaction (1992) J Dent, 20, pp. 115-120Chen, R.C., Chan, D.C., Chan, K.C., A quantitative study of finishing and polishing techniques for a composite (1988) J Prosthet Dent, 59, pp. 292-297Cho, E., Kopel, H., White, S.N., Moisture susceptibility of resin-modified glass-ionomer materials (1995) Quintessence Int, 26, pp. 351-358Francci, C., Deaton, T.G., Arnold, R.R., Swift Jr., E.J., Perdigao, J., Bawden, J.W., Fluoride release from restorative materials and its effects on dentin demineralization (1999) J Dent Res, 78, pp. 1647-1654Kotsanos, N., An intraoral study of caries induced on enamel in contact with fluoride-releasing restorative materials (2001) Caries Res, 35, pp. 200-204Eichmiller, F.C., Marjenhoff, W.A., Fluoride-releasing dental restorative materials (1998) Oper Dent, 23, pp. 218-228Dhummarungrong, S., Moore, B.K., Avery, D.R., Properties related to strength and resistance to abrasion of VariGlass VLC, Fuji II L.C., Ketac-Silver, and Z-100 composite resin (1994) ASDC J Dent Child, 61, pp. 17-20Eide, R., Tveit, A.B., Finishing and polishing glass-ionomer cements (1990) Acta Odontol Scand, 48, pp. 409-413Forsten, L., Resin-modified glass-ionomer cements: Fluoride release and uptake (1995) Acta Odontol Scand, 53, pp. 222-225Gaintantzopoulou, M.D., Willis, G.P., Kafrawy, A.H., Pulp reactions to light cured glass ionomer cements (1994) Am J Dent, 7, pp. 39-42Gladys, S., Van Meerbeek, B., Braem, M., Lambrechts, P., Vanherle, G., Comparative physico-mechanical characterization of new hybrid restorative materials with conventional glass-ionomer and resin composite restorative materials (1997) J Dent Res, 76, pp. 883-894Donly, K.J., Segura, A., Wefel, J.S., Hogan, M.M., Evaluating the effects of fluoride-releasing dental materials on adjacent interproximal caries (1999) J Am Dent Assoc, 130, pp. 817-825Mount, G.J., Some physical and biological properties of glass ionomer cement (1995) Int Dent J, 45, pp. 135-140Tate, W.H., Powers, J.M., Surface roughness of composites and hybrid ionomers (1996) Oper Dent, 21, pp. 53-58Paulillo, L.A.M.S., Coradazzi, J.L., Serra, M.C., Freitas, S.F., Staining of glass ionomer cement: A spectrophotometric study (1994) Am J Dent, 7, pp. 345-347Paulillo, L.A.M.S., (1995) Dye Superficial Roughness Evaluation of a Glass Ionomer Cement Submitted to Superficial Finishing and Polishing [Thesis], , São Paulo, Brazil: University of São PauloChan, K.C., Fuller, J.L., Hormati, A.A., The ability of foods to stain two composite resins (1980) J Prosthet Dent, 43, pp. 542-545Cooley, R.L., Barkmeier, W.W., Matis, B.A., Siok, J.F., Staining of posterior resin restorative materials (1987) Quintessence Int, 18, pp. 823-827Hachiya, Y., Iwaku, M., Hosoda, H., Fusayama, T., Relation of finish to discoloration of composite resins (1984) J Prosthet Dent, 52, pp. 811-814Matis, B.A., Carlson, T., Cochran, M., Phillips, R.W., How finishing affects glass-ionomers. Results of a five year evaluation (1991) J Am Dent Assoc, 122, pp. 43-46Smales, R.J., Clinical use of ASPA glass ionomer cement (1981) Brit Dent J, 151, pp. 58-60Barry, T.I., Clinton, D.J., Wilson, A.D., The structure of a glass-ionomer cement and its relationship to the setting process (1979) J Dent Res, 58, pp. 1072-1079Sidhu, S.K., Watson, T.F., Resin-modified glass ionomer materials. A status report for the America Journal Dentistry (1995) Am J Dent, 8, pp. 59-67Tay, W.M., An update on glass ionomer cements (1995) Dent Update, 22, pp. 283-286Chung, K.H., Effects of finishing and polishing procedures on the surface texture of resin composites (1994) Dent Mater, 10, pp. 325-330Woolford, M.J., Finishing glass polyalkenoate (glass-ionomer) cements (1988) Br Dent J, 165, pp. 395-39