Cytoprotective Activity of Adhatoda Vasica Extract and Vasicine Against Tobacco Smoke Induced Cytoxicity

The present study was undertaken to investigate the protection against cytotoxicity due to tobacco smoke by Adhatoda vasica and Vasicine. The antioxidant potential of AVE was analyzed through in vitro assays. The protective effect of Adhatoda vasica extract (AVE) and vasicine were analyzed in TSE treated group through MTT assay and microscopic analysis.A dose dependent increase in reducing power of AVE was observed. Treatment of A549 & THP-1 cell lines with 1-2 µg/ml (AVE) & 0.01-0.02 µg/ml (Vasicine) respectively for 3 hrs maintained the cell viability. Approximately 50% cell death was observed at 2% & 5% TSE on 24 hrs exposure. Pre-treatment of cell lines with AVE & Vasicine (2µg/ml & 0.02 µg/ml) respectively could overcome the toxic effect of TSE. This study showed that AVE has a great potential in reducing the toxic effects of A549 &THP-1 cell lines

ANTIOXIDANT AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING POTENTIAL OF ETHANOLIC FRACTION OF ADHATODA VASICA IN A549 CELL LINE

Objective: To characterize and standardize the ethanolic extract of Adhatoda vasica (AV) and evaluate its antioxidant potential in vitro, and to studyits free radical scavenging effect in A549 cell line.Methods: Antioxidant activity of AVE through DPPH, ABTS, superoxide radical scavenging activity, H2O2, NO and Lipid peroxidation assays werecarried out.Results: In A549 cell line, the NO scavenging ability of AVE was analysed through NO production measurement. IC values of ethanolic extract throughDPPH, ABTS, superoxide radical scavenging activity, H2O250, NO and lipid peroxidation assays were found to be 64, 200, 54, 62, 40 and 340 µg/ml,respectively. The reducing power was found to increase in a concentration dependent manner. AVE (1 - 2µg/ml) scavenged NO radicals (11% and28% in comparison to control).Conclusion: The present study showed the ethanolic extract of AV to be a good oxygen radical scavenger and a natural source of antioxidants. AVEshowed significant nitric oxide radical scavenging activity in A549 cell line.Keywords: Adhatoda vasica, Phytochemicals, Flavonoids, Tannins, Antioxidant potential

Intra-ampullary papillary-tubular neoplasm: An update on the ampullary counterparts of the pancreatobiliary intraductal neoplasms.

Intra-ampullary papillary tubular neoplasms (IAPNs) are papillary or polypoid lesions that originate from and grow predominantly within the ampulla. They are fundamentally "adenoma-carcinoma sequence" and as such represent intra-ampullary counterparts of other tumoral intraepithelial neoplasms of the pancreatobiliary tract, namely, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (of pancreas), intraductal papillary neoplasms (of bile ducts), intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms (ITPNs) (of bile ducts and pancreas), and intracholecystic papillary tubular neoplasms (of gallbladder). Intra-ampullary papillary tubular neoplasm-associated invasive carcinoma is now recognized as a distinct subset among ampullary cancers in the College of American Pathologists synoptic reporting. Intra-ampullary papillary tubular neoplasms show a spectrum of neoplastic change from low grade to high grade. Most cases, however, are associated with high-grade dysplasia, and a significant proportion (similar to 75%), also with invasive carcinoma (usually small, often <1 cm). Unlike intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas and intestinal-type adenomas of ampullary duodenum, IAPNs often display a mixture of cell lineages and chimeric appearance, but some cases are predominantly gastropancreatobiliary or intestinal type. Intra-ampullary papillary tubular neoplasms may exhibit papillary, tubular, or tubulopapillary growth patterns in variable amounts. They were recognized in the World Health Organization 2010 classification under 2 separate groups, intestinal adenoma versus noninvasive papillary neoplasms, but because of the overlap between these 2 groups, and also the presence of other patterns like tubulopapillary and gastric-lineage types, a unifying category of IAPN was created. They often get classified indiscriminately as "ampullary adenocarcinoma," although their biology and behavior are substantially different than other subsets of ampullary carcinomas. The size of invasive carcinoma ought to be reported separately, and T staging of the tumor is to be based on the invasive component. In conclusion, IAPN shows many analogies to intraductal neoplasia of the pancreatobiliary tract and intracholecystic tumors, but at the same time it forms a pathologically and biologically distinct entity among ampullary neoplasms

Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Antifungal Activity of Essential oil and Extracts of Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.f.) Roscoe flowers

Abstract The present study describes chemical composition, phytochemicals, antifungal activities, antioxidant assays and total phenolic content of essential oil and varied polarity solvent extract from flowers of Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.f.). Total 27 components were identified in essential oil by GC-MS with terpinen-4-ol (28.6%) and α- terpineol (12.8%) as the main constituent. The essential oil was found to have maximal levels of phenolic content (64.60 μg/mL) as compared to the other extracts. The antioxidant assay evaluated in extracts and essential oil by different methods revealed good-to-moderate antioxidant potential with different IC50 values viz. (188.02 -250.25 μg/mL) in Fe3+ reducing power, (153.15-201.59 μg/mL) in Fe2+ metal-chelating ability, (130.39-181.12 μg/mL) in DPPH, (88.29-187.32 μg/mL) in OH radical, (79.04-156.79 μg/mL), in NO radical and (138.72-233.00 μg/mL) in superoxide anion scavenging activities, respectively. The methanolic extract display remarkable fungicidal activity against the tested pathogens followed by dichloromethane extract, essential oil, hexane extract and petroleum ether extract respectively, with MIC values ranging from 31.25 to 500 μg/mL. Based on results, it can be inferred that the flower of A. malaccensis if explored further for its medicinal properties, might be a good source to develop a safe and sustainable natural food preservative

Investigating the biochemical progression of liver disease through fibrosis, cirrhosis, dysplasia, and hepatocellular carcinoma using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary hepatic carcinoma. HCC ranks the fourth most prevalent malignant tumor and the third leading cause of cancer related death in the world. Hepatocellular carcinoma develops in the context of chronic liver disease and its evolution is characterized by progression through intermediate stages to advanced disease and possibly even death. The primary sequence of hepatocarcinogenesis includes the development of cirrhosis, followed by dysplasia, and hepatocellular carcinoma.1 We addressed the utility of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging, both as a diagnostic tool of the different stages of the disease and to gain insight into the biochemical process associated with disease progression. Tissue microarrays were obtained from the University of Illinois at Chicago tissue bank consisting of liver explants from 12 transplant patients. Tissue core biopsies were obtained from each explant targeting regions of normal, liver cell dysplasia including large cell change and small cell change, and hepatocellular carcinoma. We obtained FT-IR images of these tissues using a modified FT-IR system with high definition capabilities. Firstly, a supervised spectral classifier was built to discriminate between normal and cancerous hepatocytes. Secondly, an expanded classifier was built to discriminate small cell and large cell changes in liver disease. With the emerging advances in FT-IR instrumentation and computation there is a strong drive to develop this technology as a powerful adjunct to current histopathology approaches to improve disease diagnosis and prognosis