Sohnespflicht

Diese Untersuchung beschäftigt sich mit der alten chinesischen Geschichte der 'Familie' (jia), wobei die Vater-Sohn-Beziehungen und die konfuzianische Tugend der 'Sohnespflicht' (xiao) im Mittelpunkt stehen. Die chinesische 'Familie' jia war von zentraler Bedeutung sowohl für die Entwicklung der Persönlichkeit als auch für die der Gesellschaft. Die Wirkung der Familie auf die Gesellschaft entfaltete sich nur in Verbindung mit den Familienangehörigen, deren Beziehungen untereinander harmonisch geordnet sein sollten. Der Konfuzianismus sah die Familie bzw. die Vater-Sohn-Beziehungen als Modell zur Ordnung der Welt an, dabei sollte der soziale wie der religiöse Aspekt der Familie gleichermaßen berücksichtigt werden. Diskutiert wurde folgendes: (a) die etymologische und literarische Quellenforschung über den chinesischen Familienbegriff jia; (b) die etymologische Analyse des Begriffs der Sohnespflicht xiao und die Praxis dieser zentralen Tugend; (c) der konkrete Ausdruck der Vater-Sohn-Beziehungen in Ritualen und Zeremonien; (d) die Prinzipien der Sohnespflicht

The project of developing knowledge-sharing based on the study group via the internet platform in Fu Jen Catholic University

The Project of Developing Knowledge-sharing Based Study Group via the Internet Platform (SGIP) started by “FJU service-learning promotion committee” in 2006.This project tried to connect under graduated and pupils through study group in the internet platform. Schools located in remote area or schools composed of many disadvantaged pupils (ex. Immigrant, aborigine, raised by grandparents) are our first priority to serve. Teachers in primary school selected picture books and make some topics for discussion in the platform. Undergraduates who take courses with service-learning project are required to interact via the platform with pupils. During the semester, undergraduate students are requested to visit pupils once or twice in order to have personal contact with pupils. Education resources especially in information science between town and country had a great gap in Taiwan. The project is supposed to reduce the difference. The roles of teachers and students are discussed as below: 1) Professor: deliver a course with the Service-Learning project; supervise undergraduates to participate study groups in internet and to exert the class-visit plan. 2) Teachers: set the topics for study groups in the net regularly; direct pupils to join the study groups weekly, and assist undergraduates to have a class visit. 3) Undergraduates: participate the study groups in the net weekly, have a class visit at least once, and attend training classes held by Service-Learning Center. In average, 3~6 persons have been assigned as a unit to accompany a class of pupils for 10 weeks. There were 250~300 undergraduates and 1200 pupils in average participating in the project every year. Six theses about the project, advised by Dr.R.J.Pan, are accomplished. The themes include emotional education (Chiu, 2011), self-acknowledgement (Lin, 2011), parent-child reading (Cheng, 2011), information education (Teng, 2012), peer-relationship (Chuang, 2012), multicultural education (Chen, 2012). We are looking forward to inviting other university to join the project in order to serve more pupils in different area. The study group platform could also be used to serve overseas Chinese for learning Chinese

Alleviating the Long-Tail Problem in Conversational Recommender Systems

Conversational recommender systems (CRS) aim to provide the recommendation service via natural language conversations. To develop an effective CRS, high-quality CRS datasets are very crucial. However, existing CRS datasets suffer from the long-tail issue, \ie a large proportion of items are rarely (or even never) mentioned in the conversations, which are called long-tail items. As a result, the CRSs trained on these datasets tend to recommend frequent items, and the diversity of the recommended items would be largely reduced, making users easier to get bored. To address this issue, this paper presents \textbf{LOT-CRS}, a novel framework that focuses on simulating and utilizing a balanced CRS dataset (\ie covering all the items evenly) for improving \textbf{LO}ng-\textbf{T}ail recommendation performance of CRSs. In our approach, we design two pre-training tasks to enhance the understanding of simulated conversation for long-tail items, and adopt retrieval-augmented fine-tuning with label smoothness strategy to further improve the recommendation of long-tail items. Extensive experiments on two public CRS datasets have demonstrated the effectiveness and extensibility of our approach, especially on long-tail recommendation.Comment: work in progres

Improving Conversational Recommendation Systems via Counterfactual Data Simulation

Conversational recommender systems (CRSs) aim to provide recommendation services via natural language conversations. Although a number of approaches have been proposed for developing capable CRSs, they typically rely on sufficient training data for training. Since it is difficult to annotate recommendation-oriented dialogue datasets, existing CRS approaches often suffer from the issue of insufficient training due to the scarcity of training data. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a CounterFactual data simulation approach for CRS, named CFCRS, to alleviate the issue of data scarcity in CRSs. Our approach is developed based on the framework of counterfactual data augmentation, which gradually incorporates the rewriting to the user preference from a real dialogue without interfering with the entire conversation flow. To develop our approach, we characterize user preference and organize the conversation flow by the entities involved in the dialogue, and design a multi-stage recommendation dialogue simulator based on a conversation flow language model. Under the guidance of the learned user preference and dialogue schema, the flow language model can produce reasonable, coherent conversation flows, which can be further realized into complete dialogues. Based on the simulator, we perform the intervention at the representations of the interacted entities of target users, and design an adversarial training method with a curriculum schedule that can gradually optimize the data augmentation strategy. Extensive experiments show that our approach can consistently boost the performance of several competitive CRSs, and outperform other data augmentation methods, especially when the training data is limited. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/RUCAIBox/CFCRS.Comment: Accepted by KDD 2023. Code: https://github.com/RUCAIBox/CFCR

Modulation of epithelial sodium channel in human alveolar epithelial cells by lipoxin A4 through AhR-cAMP-dependent pathway

Purpose: To investigate the effect of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) on the expressions of protein and mRNA of alveolar epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in normal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated A549 cells.Methods: A549 cell-lines were randomized into 11 groups (N = 8) and treated. EnaC level was evaluated by Western blot. Total RNA was extracted and reverse-transcribed and then levels of ENaC mRNA, cGMP and cAMP in the cells were determined.Results: LXA4 (10-7mol/L) increased the expressions of α-subunit of ENaC relative to LPS group. In addition, LXA4 significantly up-regulated the expression of mRNAs of α, β and γ subunits of ENaC (p < 0.01). The level of cAMP was increased in LXA4 group, but significantly reduced in LPS group relative to control group (p < 0.05). However, treatment with LXA4 annulled the increased cAMP concentration, compared with LPS group (p < 0.05)Conclusion: These results show that LXA4 influences ENaC up-regulation in normal and LPS stimulated A549 alveolar epithelial cells.Keywords: Acute lung injury, Alveolar epithelial sodium channel, Lipoxin A4, AhR, cAMP, cGM

Identification of susceptibility genes in non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate using whole-exome sequencing

Background: Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is among the most common congenital malformations. The etiology of NSCL/P remains poorly characterized owing to its complex genetic heterogeneity. The objective of this study was to identify genetic variants that increase susceptibility to NSCL/P. Material and Methods: Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed in 8 fetuses with NSCL/P in China. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using commercially available software. Variants detected by WES were validated by Sanger sequencing. Results: By filtering out synonymous variants in exons, we identified average 8575 nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants (SNVs). We subsequently compared the SNVs against public databases including NCBI dbSNP build 135 and 1000 Genomes Project and obtained an average of 203 SNVs. Total 12 reported candidate genes were verified by Sanger sequencing. Sanger sequencing also confirmed 16 novel SNVs shared by two or more samples. Conclusions: We have found and confirmed 16 susceptibility genes responsible for NSCL/P, which may play important role in the etiology of NSCL/P. The susceptibility genes identified in this study will not only be useful in revealing the etiology of NSCL/P but also in diagnosis and treatment of the patients with NSCL/P

Recent Advances in RecBole: Extensions with more Practical Considerations

RecBole has recently attracted increasing attention from the research community. As the increase of the number of users, we have received a number of suggestions and update requests. This motivates us to make some significant improvements on our library, so as to meet the user requirements and contribute to the research community. In order to show the recent update in RecBole, we write this technical report to introduce our latest improvements on RecBole. In general, we focus on the flexibility and efficiency of RecBole in the past few months. More specifically, we have four development targets: (1) more flexible data processing, (2) more efficient model training, (3) more reproducible configurations, and (4) more comprehensive user documentation. Readers can download the above updates at: https://github.com/RUCAIBox/RecBole.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 3 table

The influence of joining overseas service learning on college students\u27 service learning experience and whole person development

Service learning, involving college students in community service, has become a need for enhancing their learning in Taiwan. However, despite the increasing numbers of service-learning has been provided from Taiwan universities to the communities, there is limited research findings of what the influences of service-learning, especially in overseas or international service learning, on college students learning experience and their whole person development. To evaluate college students’ changes of joining overseas service learning, this study compared the scales of the experience of service learning, personal growth, interpersonal growth, intellectual growth, and responsibility of citizenship from 49 college students of Fu Jen Catholic University. The results of the study revealed that most of above -mentioned variables had positive and significant changes. To sum up, joining overseas service learning would deepen college students\u27 experience of service learning and facilitate them toward positive development