Accountable democracy: Citizens' impact on public decision making in postdictatorship chile

Using a Santiago, Chile, health group as an ethnographic case study, I propose “accountable democracy” as an alternative normative project to the theory of deliberative democracy outlined by Habermas in Between Facts and Norms . Accountable democracy has at its center the impact of public-sphere opinion formation on decision making by officials in elected governments.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73684/1/ae.2004.31.4.497.pd

Oscillator Models and Collective Motion: spatial patterns in the dynamics of engineered and biological networks

Coupled phase oscillator models are used to study the behavior of many natural and engineered systems that represent aggregations of individuals. Examples include the heart’s pacemaker cells, neurons in the brain, a group of fireflies, the central pattern generator for a lamprey eel, and an array of superconducting Josephson junctions. In each case, the activit

Contributions from popular education in health to structural competency training: An experience from Chile

Structural competency is used to train health professionals on how social, political, and economic dynamics create conditions that negatively impact a population’s health. In the Global South, this approach has historical roots in social movements, popular education, social medicine, and human rights. In 1982, during a time of extreme poverty, inequality, and violence under the Chilean military dictatorship, Educación Popular en Salud (EPES), developed a programme for training community health promoters to address common illnesses and analyse the underlying causes of poor health. In 2010, EPES began using the same model to train international and Chilean health professionals. The approach advanced four competencies. Evaluations show that training contributes to transforming health professionals’ mindsets and leads them to question their practices. However, educating practitioners does not change the underlying structures that generate poor health. This article examines the intersection between EPES’ competencies and the structural competency framework, highlighting two major contributions of EPES to structural competency: a methodology that narrows the gap between a theoretical analysis of social determinants of health and implementing action plans; and organic long-term links with social movements that strengthen collective action in poor neighbourhoods to advance social justice

Thermodynamic Separation of 1-Butene from 2-Butene in Metal–Organic Frameworks with Open Metal Sites

Most C4 hydrocarbons are obtained as byproducts of ethylene production or oil refining, and complex and energy-intensive separation schemes are required for their isolation. Substantial industrial and academic effort has been expended to develop more cost-effective adsorbent- or membrane-based approaches to purify commodity chemicals such as 1,3-butadiene, isobutene, and 1-butene, but the very similar physical properties of these C4 hydrocarbons makes this a challenging task. Here, we examine the adsorption behavior of 1-butene, cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene in the metal–organic frameworks M2(dobdc) (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni; dobdc2− = 2,5-dioxidobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylate) and M2(m-dobdc) (m-dobdc4− = 4,6-dioxido-1,3-benzenedicarboxylate), which all contain a high density of coordinatively-unsaturated M2+ sites. We find that both Co2(m-dobdc) and Ni2(m-dobdc) are able to separate 1-butene from the 2-butene isomers, a critical industrial process that relies largely on energetically demanding cryogenic distillation. The origin of 1-butene selectivity is traced to the high charge density retained by the M2+ metal centers exposed within the M2(m-dobdc) structures, which results in a reversal of the cis-2-butene selectivity typically observed at framework open metal sites. Selectivity for 1-butene adsorption under multicomponent conditions is demonstrated for Ni2(m-dobdc) in both the gaseous and liquid phases via breakthrough and batch adsorption experiments

\u3cem\u3eN\u3c/em\u3e-Oxazolidinoyl Diene Iron(0) Tricarbonyl Complexes: Preparation By Diastereoselective Complexation And Synthetic Applications

We describe the synthesis of a family of chiral, nonracemic 3,4-disubstituted 2-N-oxazolidinoyl-1,3-dienes (10 and 15a–15i) via Stille–Fürstner coupling. These chiral dienes were converted to the corresponding iron(0) tricarbonyl complexes (11 and 16a–16i) with good to high diastereoselectivity (3:1 to \u3e15:1). The combined chemical yields of these steps, as well as the complexation diastereoselectivities, were generally superior to the analogous chiral 2-sulfinyl-1,3-dienes we reported earlier. Stereochemical assignments of the diene iron(0) tricarbonyl complexes were facilitated by X-ray crystallography and circular dichroism, and a computational search for the lowest energy confirmation of 10 was undertaken to understand the origin of the complexation diastereoselectivity. Complexes 16b and 16e were each carried through synthetic pathways that included RCM to make an initial comparison of the reactivity of this family of diene iron tricarbonyl complexes with the previously reported sulfinyl-1,3-diene iron(0) tricarbonyl complexes. Sidechains of complexes 43 and 44 were each modified for introduction of an α-diazoester unit, and diastereoselective Rh₂(OAc)₄-catalyzed intramolecular C–H insertions were carried with to afford pentacyclic complexes 48 and 49. Demetallation of 48, subsequent elaboration of the oxazolidinoyl diene, and intramolecular aza-Michael gave fused N-Ts pyrrolidine 54 as a single diastereomer