Distributed-order fractional Cauchy problems on bounded domains

In a fractional Cauchy problem, the usual first order time derivative is replaced by a fractional derivative. The fractional derivative models time delays in a diffusion process. The order of the fractional derivative can be distributed over the unit interval, to model a mixture of delay sources. In this paper, we provide explicit strong solutions and stochastic analogues for distributed-order fractional Cauchy problems on bounded domains with Dirichlet boundary conditions. Stochastic solutions are constructed using a non-Markovian time change of a killed Markov process generated by a uniformly elliptic second order space derivative operator.Comment: 29 page

Cult Beliefs in Ancient Literature

Worship began when human beings started to believe that there was a power that is higher than themselves and began to bow before that power. Humans began to think what is the reason for the sufferings that happen to mankind during the time when he lived in forests, mountains, with animals and nature? The calamities caused by nature and the suffering and loss due to animals are immense. To protect themselves from these sufferings and losses, they worshiped the nature and other things as their deities. They believed that those natural calamities had more fighting power than them. When the people who lived as ethnic groups eventually became families, the way they worshiped the deity changed and they were transformed into rituals. It is impossible to say exactly when these rituals appeared. Over time people used to pray to the deity to make their lives successful and to be successful in their endeavours. For that, they offered some kind of sacrifices to the goddess. Beliefs and worships of gods that were prevalent among the ancient Tamils are explained on the basis of Sangam literature

Oxidative Stress and Changes in Antioxidant and Biochemical Constituents in Papaya (Carica papaya L.) under Salt Stress

Six papaya cultivars viz., Pusa Dwarf, Surya, Solo, CO5, Tainan and Red Lady were subjected to saline water salt stress continuously for a period of six months with saline water irrigation having an EC value of 0.6, 2.0 and 4 dsm-1. Among these, Red Lady was more sensitive while Tainan resisted salt stress. Under salt stress of 4 dsm-1, yield reduced by 10% in Tainan and by 24% in Red Lady compared to unstressed controls. T.S.S. measurement showed that quality of fruits was not affected by saline irrigation in both cvs. Malondialdehyde levels estimated after six months period of stress, as thiobarbituric acid reacting substances, did not increase in Tainan in contrast to substantial increase in Red Lady under stress conditions. There was substantial increase in levels of antioxidant compounds namely, carotenoids, phenols and flavonoids in Tainan compared to Red Lady. In Tainan there were significant increases in reducing and total sugars and sucrose under conditions of stress in contrast to sharp decreases in Red Lady. Under conditions of stress, there was considerable accumulation of total and reducing sugars and sucrose, across the varieties, possibly contributing to osmotic adjustment. Association of salt stress tolerance in Tainan with soluble sugar accumulation could be used as a breeding tool for selecting salt tolerant papaya genotypes

Factors Predicting Mortality in Indian Patients Hospitalized For Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)

BACKGROUND : The incidence and prevalence of heart failure especially in India are on the rise so is the number of hospital admissions for management of acute decompensated heart failure. Though there are studies reported in the literature on factors influencing the in-hospital mortality of western patients admitted with acute decompensated heart failure, data related to Indian counterparts are lacking. AIM AND OBJECTIVES : To identify predictors of in-hospital mortality in Indian subset of patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure and compare them with those of western studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS : A total of hundred random patients admitted to our medical college hospital for acute decompensated heart failure were included in the study. Their various epidemiological, clinical and investigational characteristics were analyzed in relation to their in-hospital mortality. RESULTS : Out of twenty factors studied, six emerged as significant predictors of in-hospital mortality, viz. poor NYHA grade (p 0.014), presence of peripheral edema (p 0.041), low ejection fraction (p 0.004), high blood urea level (p 0.001), low hemoglobin level (p 0.010) and presence of chronic kidney disease (p 0.006). On comparison, these results are different from those of western studies. CONCLUSION : As ours is a small study, its results that differ from western data are to be confirmed by large-scale Indian trials so that if any difference still exists, management strategy and guidelines specific for Indian patients with acute decompensated heart failure especially in resource restrained settings can be devised

An interesting case of early onset of cerebral edemia during diabetic ketoacidosis treatment - a case Report

A young girl with type 1 diabetes presented with diabetic ketoacidosis due to missing of insulin following a respiratory tract infection. Within the first hour of starting intravenous fluids and insulin she developed cerebral edema. This case is being reported because of the unusual presentation of early onset of cerebral edema in the management of DKA and to emphasize the importance of recognizing this complication early as it helped to save this patient

Analogue mouse pointer control via an online steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) brain-computer interface

The steady state visual evoked protocol has recently become a popular paradigm in brain–computer interface (BCI) applications. Typically (regardless of function) these applications offer the user a binary selection of targets that perform correspondingly discrete actions. Such discrete control systems are appropriate for applications that are inherently isolated in nature, such as selecting numbers from a keypad to be dialled or letters from an alphabet to be spelled. However motivation exists for users to employ proportional control methods in intrinsically analogue tasks such as the movement of a mouse pointer. This paper introduces an online BCI in which control of a mouse pointer is directly proportional to a user's intent. Performance is measured over a series of pointer movement tasks and compared to the traditional discrete output approach. Analogue control allowed subjects to move the pointer faster to the cued target location compared to discrete output but suffers more undesired movements overall. Best performance is achieved when combining the threshold to movement of traditional discrete techniques with the range of movement offered by proportional control

Improving the Feature Stability and Classification Performance of Bimodal Brain and Heart Biometrics

Electrical activities from brain (electroencephalogram, EEG) and heart (electrocardiogram, ECG) have been proposed as biometric modalities but the combined use of these signals appear not to have been studied thoroughly. Also, the feature stability of these signals has been a limiting factor for biometric usage. This paper presents results from a pilot study that reveal the combined use of brain and heart modalities provide improved classification performance and further-more, an improvement in the stability of the features over time through the use of binaural brain entrainment. The classification rate was increased, for the case of the neural network classifier from 92.4% to 95.1% and for the case of LDA, from 98.6% to 99.8%. The average standard deviation with binaural brain entrainment using all the inter-session features (from all the subjects) was 1.09, as compared to 1.26 without entrainment. This result suggests the improved stability of both the EEG and ECG features over time and hence resulting in higher classification performance. Overall, the results indicate that combining ECG and EEG gives improved classification performance and that through the use of binaural brain entrainment, both the ECG and EEG features are more stable over time