Anxiety among Track and Field Athlete

Sports performance, like any other type of human performance, is a highly complex process and a product of several internal and external factors encompassing all the aspects of human personality and to achieve excellence in it, it is becoming more and more significant to identify and utilize the psychological factors that are particularly important in sports settings, specially those related to athletic performance. Anxiety is one psychological factor, which plays crucial role in the final outcome of all the sports encounters. It is being explored incessantly in different sports settings, regarding different sports groups and at different levels. Through the present study, an attempt has been made to investigate the same among the national level track and field athletes. Subject (N-286) was athletes who had participated at 63rd Inter University athletic championship which was held at Gulbarga University, Gulbarga from 16th to 21st January, 2003. The sample consisted of 150 male and 136 female athletes. Similarly, there were 144 athletes form successful group and 142 form unsuccessful category. In all 122 were form Northern region and 164 from Southern region. The age group of 18 to 25 years studying at the college and university levels. To collect the data “Sinha’s Comprehensive Anxiety Test (1995)” was administered to measure state and trait anxiety and “Marten’s Inventory (1977)” was administered to measure the sports competition anxiety. Results regarding the state and trait anxiety indicated that the female group of athletes was more anxious as compare to male counterpart. The interaction effect between region and gender as well as between performance and gender were found significant. The athletes form Northern region, unsuccessful as well as female groups were higher level of sports competition anxiety as compared to athletes from southern region, successful and male groups respectively. Interaction between region and performance only was found significant. Any other results were not found significant

Jahn-Tellerovi efekti u bakarnom fluor-silicij heksahidratu s 10% cinka: EPR mjerenja u X-pojasu

Stable crystals of copper fluosilicate hexahydrate (CZFH) have been successfully grown. X-band (9 GHz) EPR spectral studies carried out at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures have revealed some new features of Jahn-Teller effect in CZFH.Uspješno smo pripremili stabilne kristale bakarnog fluor-silicij heksahidrata (CZFH). Načinili smo mjerenja EPR spektara u X-pojasu (9 GHz) na sobnoj temperaturi i temperaturi tekućeg dušika koja pokazuju neke nove odlike JahnTellerovog efekta u CZFH

Jahn-Tellerovi efekti u bakarnom fluor-silicij heksahidratu s 10% cinka: EPR mjerenja u X-pojasu

Stable crystals of copper fluosilicate hexahydrate (CZFH) have been successfully grown. X-band (9 GHz) EPR spectral studies carried out at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures have revealed some new features of Jahn-Teller effect in CZFH.Uspješno smo pripremili stabilne kristale bakarnog fluor-silicij heksahidrata (CZFH). Načinili smo mjerenja EPR spektara u X-pojasu (9 GHz) na sobnoj temperaturi i temperaturi tekućeg dušika koja pokazuju neke nove odlike JahnTellerovog efekta u CZFH

Effect of seaweed saps on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and economic improvement of maize (sweet corn)

A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2012-13 at Research cum Instructional Farm of Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (Chhattisgarh) to study the effects of seaweed saps on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and economic of maize (sweet corn) in Matasi soil of Chhattisgarh. The foliar spray of two different species (namely Kappaphycus and Gracilaria) was applied thrice at different interval of crop with different concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 15% v/v) of seaweed extracts. Foliar applications of seaweed extract significantly enhanced the growth, yield, nutrient uptake and B:C ratio parameters. The green cob yield (189.97 q ha-1) and fodder yield (345.19 q ha-1) were recorded highest under treatment (T8) 15% G Sap + recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) which was significant similar with treatment 15% K Sap + RDF (185.24 q ha-1) in case of green cob yield. The highest N, P and K uptake by green cob and fodder were observed under 15% G Sap + RDF (T8). Treatment 15% G Sap + RDF (T8), recorded maximum gross return (Rs. 2,07,230 ha-1), net return (Rs. 1,38,756 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.0), which was followed by treatment 15% K Sap + RDF (T4) with net return (Rs. 1,33,199 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.95). Treatment 15% G Sap + RDF (T8) gave Rs. 45,996 ha-1 more as compared to Water spray + RDF (T9)

Pull-in analysis of non-uniform microcantilever beams under large deflection

Cantilever beams under the influence of electrostatic force form an important subclass of microelectromechanical system(MEMS) and nanoelectromechanical system. Most of the studies concerning these micro-nano resonators are centered around uniform cantilever beams. In this paper, we have investigated another class of micro-resonators consisting of non-uniform cantilever beams. The study is focused around investigating pull-in voltage and resonance frequency of non-uniform cantilever beams when they operate in the linear regime about different static equilibriums. In this paper, we term this frequency as “linear frequency.” Calculation of the linear frequency is done at different static equilibriums corresponding to different DC voltages. We have studied two classes of beams, one with increasing cross sectional area from the clamped edge (diverging beam) and other with decreasing cross sectional area from the clamped edge (converging beam). Within each class, we have investigated beams with linear as well as quartic variation in width. We start by obtaining Euler beam equation for non-uniform cantilever beams considering large deflection and their corresponding exact mode shapes from the linear equation. Subsequently, using the Galerkin method based on single mode approximation, we obtain static and dynamic modal equations for finding pull-in voltage and resonance frequency as a function of DC voltage, respectively. We found that the linear frequency of converging beams increases with increase in non-uniform parameter (α) while those of diverging beams decreases with α. A similar trend is observed for pull-in voltage. Within the converging class, beams with quartic variation in width show significant increase in both frequency and pull-in voltage as compared to corresponding linearly tapered beams. In quantitative terms, converging beams with quartic variation in width and α=−0.6 showed an increase in linear frequency by a factor of 2.5 times and pull-in voltage by 2 times as compared to commonly used uniform beams. Our investigation can prove to be a step forward in designing highly sensitive MEMS sensors and actuators

Development of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) based sandwich ELISA for pregnancy diagnosis and fetus viability in mares

An equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) based sandwich ELISA (sELISA) was developed for confirmation of early conception in pregnant mares around 30 days of gestation and fetus viability thereafter. This serum based quantitative assay is quite sensitive, specific, precise and efficient. Serum eCG content higher than 10 IU/ml during early gestation was used for confirmation of conception while eCG content more than 40 IU/ml was taken as cut off for fetus viability between 40 – 60 days of gestation. Assay was performed with more than 4,000 field serum samples and compared with equivalent commercial pregnancy diagnostic kit with its better sensitivity. Assay showed little cross reactivity with serum of non pregnant mares, jennies, and other animal species. Confirmation of fetus viability sELISA helped in re-servicing the mares which are observed to empty after conception failure or fetal loss

Novel optically active lead-free relaxor ferroelectric (Ba0.6Bi0.2Li0.2)TiO3

We discovered a near room temperature lead-free relaxor-ferroelectric (Ba0.6Bi0.2Li0.2)TiO3 (BBLT) having A-site compositional disordered ABO3 perovskite structure. Microstructure-property relations revealed that the chemical inhomogeneities and development of local polar nano regions (PNRs) are responsible for dielectric dispersion as a function of probe frequencies and temperatures. Rietveld analysis indicates mixed crystal structure with 80% tetragonal structure (space group P4mm) and 20% orthorhombic structure (space group Amm2) which is confirmed by the high resolution transmission electron diffraction pattern. Dielectric constant and tangent loss dispersion with and without illumination of light obey nonlinear Vogel-Fulture relation. It shows slim polarization-hysteresis (P-E) loops and excellent displacement coefficients (d33 ~ 233 pm/V) near room temperature, which gradually diminish near the maximum dielectric dispersion temperature (Tm). The underlying physics for light-sensitive dielectric dispersion was probed by X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) which strongly suggests that mixed valence of bismuth ions, especially Bi5+ ions, are responsible for most of the optically active centers. Ultraviolet photoemission measurements showed most of the Ti ions are in 4+ states and sit at the centers of the TiO6 octahedra, which along with asymmetric hybridization between O 2p and Bi 6s orbitals appears to be the main driving force for net polarization. This BBLT material may open a new path for environmental friendly lead-free relaxor-ferroelectric research.Comment: 23 pages, 5 figure

Determination of precise crystallographic directions for mask alignment in wet bulk micromachining for MEMS

In wet bulk micromachining, the etching characteristics are orientation dependent. As a result, prolonged etching of mask openings of any geometric shape on both Si{100} and Si{110} wafers results in a structure defined by the slowest etching planes. In order to fabricate microstructures with high dimensional accuracy, it is vital to align the mask edges along the crystal directions comprising of these slowest etching planes. Thus, precise alignment of mask edges is important in micro/nano fabrication. As a result, the determination of accurate crystal directions is of utmost importance and is in fact the first step to ensure dimensionally accurate microstructures for improved performance. In this review article, we have presented a comprehensive analysis of different techniques to precisely determine the crystallographic directions. We have covered various techniques proposed in the span of more than two decades to determine the crystallographic directions on both Si{100} and Si{110} wafers. Apart from a detailed discussion of each technique along with their design and implementation, we have provided a critical analysis of the associated constraints, benefits and shortcomings. We have also summed up the critical aspects of each technique and presented in a tabular format for easy reference for readers. This review article comprises of an exhaustive discussion and is a handy reference for researchers who are new in the field of wet anisotropic etching or who want to get abreast with the techniques of determination of crystal directions

Treatment of Subject Descriptors on Children in Twenty Three DDC Editions

The study explores the treatment of subject descriptors on children and its correlated subjects in the 23 DDC editions by adopting an assessment and evaluation study. Authors found that the Home and family management (640) class holds the maximum subject descriptors on children