A geological model of the chalk of East Kent

This report describes the geological modelling of the Chalk in the North Downs of East Kent, within the catchment of River Great Stour and eastwards to the coast, including the Isle of Thanet. This work was funded by the Environment Agency to support investigations of the local hydrogeology and thereby to enhance catchment management. The whole area is underlain by the Upper Cretaceous Chalk Group, with the Palaeogene succession of the Thanet Sand Formation, the Lambeth Group and the Thames Group overlying it in the northern and central eastern parts. The project included a desk study revision of the Chalk of the North Downs, using the new Chalk lithostratigraphy. The revisions to the geology are shown on the 1:50 000 scale geological map which accompanies this report. Together with evidence from boreholes and from seismic surveys, the new outcrop patterns have been incorporated into a geological model, using both computer software (EarthVision) and manual methods. The introduction describes the background to the project. The second chapter describes the sources for the data used in the model: published and unpublished geological maps, borehole records (both lithological and geophysical), seismic surveys, biostratigraphic records, digital topographic information, and the published literature. Each Chalk formation present in the area is then briefly described in the third chapter, noting its relationship to the older lithostratigraphic divisions, and to biostratigraphic zones. The local Chalk succession extends from the base of the Chalk Group to the Newhaven Chalk Formation, here represented by the Margate Chalk Member. Evidence for the thickness of each formation is reviewed. The early Palaeogene formations (the Thanet Sand, Upnor, Harwich and London Clay formations) are also briefly described (Chapter 4) and the local superficial deposits mentioned, with references to detailed descriptions (Chapter 5). Apart from minor adjustments to the outcrop of the basal Palaeogene surface, no revision of these formations was done for this study

Condensate cosmology -- dark energy from dark matter

Imagine a scenario in which the dark energy forms via the condensation of dark matter at some low redshift. The Compton wavelength therefore changes from small to very large at the transition, unlike quintessence or metamorphosis. We study CMB, large scale structure, supernova and radio galaxy constraints on condensation by performing a 4 parameter likelihood analysis over the Hubble constant and the three parameters associated with Q, the condensate field: Omega_Q, w_f and z_t (energy density and equation of state today, and redshift of transition). Condensation roughly interpolates between Lambda CDM (for large z_t) and sCDM (low z_t) and provides a slightly better fit to the data than Lambda CDM. We confirm that there is no degeneracy in the CMB between H and z_t and discuss the implications of late-time transitions for the Lyman-alpha forest. Finally we discuss the nonlinear phase of both condensation and metamorphosis, which is much more interesting than in standard quintessence models.Comment: 13 pages, 13 colour figures. Final version with discussion of TE cross-correlation spectra for condensation and metamorphosis in light of the WMAP result

Linking the Practice Environment to Nurses' Job Satisfaction Through Nurse-Physician Communication

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/74776/1/j.1547-5069.2005.00063.x.pd

Cosmological model with macroscopic spin fluid

We consider a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmological model with some exotic perfect fluid with spin known as the Weyssenhoff fluid. The possibility that the dark energy may be described in part by the Weyssenhoff fluid is discussed. The observational constraint coming from supernovae type Ia observations is established. This result indicates that, whereas the cosmological constant is still needed to explain current observations, the model with spin fluid is admissible. For high redshifts $z > 1$ the differences between the model with spin fluid and the cold dark matter model with a cosmological constant become detectable observationally for the flat case with $\Omega_{\text{m},0}=0.3$. From the maximum likelihood method we obtain the value of $\Omega_{\text{s},0} = 0.004 \pm 0.016$. This gives us the limit $\Omega_{\text{s},0} > -0.012$ at the $1\sigma$ level. While the model with ``brane effects'' is preferred by the supernovae Ia data, the model with spin fluid is statistically admissible. For comparison, the limit on the spin fluid coming from cosmic microwave background anisotropies is also obtained. The uncertainties in the location of a first peak give the interval $-1.4 \times 10^{-10} < \Omega_{\text{s},0} < -10^{-10}$. From big bang nucleosynthesis we obtain the strongest limit $\Omega_{\text{s},0} \gtrsim -10^{-20}$. The interconnection between the model considered and brane models is also pointed out.Comment: RevTeX4, 15 pages, 10 figures; some minor change

Representational predicaments for employees: Their impact on perceptions of supervisors\u27 individualized consideration and on employee job satisfaction

A representational predicament for a subordinate vis-à-vis his or her immediate superior involves perceptual incongruence with the superior about the subordinate\u27s work or work context, with unfavourable implications for the employee. An instrument to measure the incidence of two types of representational predicament, being neglected and negative slanting, was developed and then validated through an initial survey of 327 employees. A subsequent substantive survey with a fresh sample of 330 employees largely supported a conceptual model linking being neglected and negative slanting to perceptions of low individualized consideration by superiors and to low overall job satisfaction. The respondents in both surveys were all Hong Kong Chinese. Two case examples drawn from qualitative interviews illustrate and support the conceptual model. Based on the research findings, we recommend some practical exercises to use in training interventions with leaders and subordinates. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Focused ion beam analysis of cell growth in 3D interconnected porous structure scaffold

Abstract not available