Diagnosis and management of parotid carcinoma with a special focus on recent advances in molecular biology.

Recent progress in diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and outcome of parotid cancer is reviewed. Modern imaging allows evaluation of the anatomical extent of the cancer and its relationship to the facial nerve, and the World Health Organization (WHO) Histological Classification facilitates accurate, consistent diagnosis. Surgery remains the treatment of choice with preservation of a functioning facial nerve. Resection of the facial nerve should only be undertaken when there is clinical evidence of nerve dysfunction. The NO neck should be treated in advanced-stage and high-grade cancers, but the choice between elective surgery and elective irradiation remains controversial. Low-stage, low-grade tumors can generally be cured by surgery alone. Postoperative radiotherapy improves locoregional control in all other tumor stages and grades. Currently, the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to parotid cancer offer few options for a class of neoplasms that has many subtypes each with a unique molecular background and variable clinical behavior. Nonetheless, this approach results in a satisfactory locoregional cancer control, making distant metastasis the most frequent cause for treatment failure. At present, systemic treatment for distant failure is disappointing, although recent progress in molecular biology has suggested that adding targeted therapy should achieve tumor response or stabilization. Although disease control remains variable, the prognosis of individual patients can be increasingly accurately predicted by multivariate analysis

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the head and neck.

Item does not contain fulltextLarge cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is a poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma that usually occurs in the lung. Although rare in the head and neck, salivary and mucosal subtypes are recognized. This article describes their characteristic light microscopic and immunohistochemical features and highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis, management and prognostic implications.1 maart 201

DESA1002 'Continuous City' David Luc

My site is located in Spain, Madrid on a corner lot of Calle Mayor st. The majority of the surrounding buildings are retail stores on the ground floor with apartments situated on top. My design proposal focuses on motorcycle hire and purchase, the supply of motorcycle goods as well as hospitality services. The building design is 5 split floors dividing the numerous services. The ground floor focuses on the hospitality services and the above on the retail and sales facilities. The hospitality services include a cafe with an outdoor terrace for consumers. The cafe is for customers who are waiting for their bike to be serviced or even external customers just wanting a coffee. My structure contains specific features which enhance the overall design in relation to aesthetics and function. The split levels generate greater ceiling heights and optional views to levels above and below. These views create excitement and a sense of adventure. Wide glazed windows allow sufficient solar access and vertical louvers permit solar control. Internally i have created a race track theme which can be identified in the circulation from floor to floor. Rather than having a single lift to all floors, stairs located at different points on each floor encourage customers to venture throughout the building and experience the unique structure. This theme combined with the split level differentiates from a general flat floor plan as it provides variety when circulating throughout the building as well as creating numerous views which can prove to be exiting and adventurous

Double reporting and second opinion in head and neck pathology

Contains fulltext : 137821.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access

Molecular diagnostic alterations in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and potential diagnostic applications.

Contains fulltext : 137464.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common malignancy that continues to be difficult to treat and cure. In many organ systems and tumor types, there have been significant advances in the understanding of the molecular basis for tumorigenesis, disease progression and genetic implications for therapeutics. Although tumorigenesis pathways and the molecular etiologies of HNSCC have been extensively studied, there are still very few diagnostic clinical applications used in practice today. This review discusses current clinically applicable molecular markers, including viral detection of Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomavirus, and molecular targets that are used in diagnosis and management of HNSCC. The common oncogenes EGFR, RAS, CCND1, BRAF, and PIK3CA and tumor suppressor genes p53, CDKN2A and NOTCH are discussed for their associations with HNSCC. Discussion of markers with potential future applications is also included, with a focus on molecular alterations associated with targeted therapy resistance.1 februari 201

Proposal for A Rational Classification of Neck Dissections

status: publishe