Notes Apropos to the Oeuvre of Si tu paṇ chen chos kyi 'byung gnas (1699?-1774) (4): A Tibetan Sanskritist in Nepal

This article deals with the activities of Si tu paṇ chen chos kyi ’byung gnas (1699?-1774) during his two sojourns in Nepal, in the years 1723-1724 and 1748. It is based mainly on Si tu’s (auto)biography, and it has a particular focus on these interactions where language and linguistics play a role, but also looks at more general intercultural contact, glimpsing the personal experiences of a Tibetan Sanskritist travelling in Nepal in the mid-eighteenth century.Asian Studie

Working surface science model for the Phillips ethylene polymerization catalyst:preparation and testing

A surface science model for the Phillips ethylene polymerization catalyst has been prepared, by impregnating aqueous CrO3 on a flat silicium (100) substrate covered by amorphous silica. Impregnating in a spin-coating technique offers control over the chromium loading, which was varied between 0.4 and 4.0 Cr/nm2. After impregnation chromium is dispersed molecularly at loadings smaller than 2 Cr/nm2. Upon calcination chromium is anchored to the support over Cr - O - Si ester bonds, although a fraction is lost from the surface due to volatilization, as could be established with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The model catalyst polymerizes ethylene at 160 °C and atmospheric pressure after being activated in 80/20 He/O2 at 650 °C, confirming its validity as a model for the industrial catalyst.</p

Expanding the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of ACTA2-related vasculopathies in a Dutch cohort

Purpose: Heterozygous pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in the ACTA2 gene confer a high risk for thoracic aortic aneurysms and aortic dissections. This retrospective multicenter study elucidates the clinical outcome of ACTA2-related vasculopathies. Methods: Index patients and relatives with a P/LP variant in ACTA2 were included. Data were collected through retrospective review of medical records using a standardized questionnaire. Results: A total of 49 individuals from 28 families participated in our study. In total, 20 different ACTA2 variants were detected. Aortic events occurred in 65% of the cases (78.6% index patients and 47.6% relatives). Male sex and hypertension emerged as significantly associated with aortic events. Of 20 individuals, 5 had an aortic diameter of <45 mm (1.77 inches) at the time of the type A dissection. Mean age at first aortic event was 49.0 ± 12.4 years. Severe surgical complications for type A and type B dissection occurred in 25% and 16.7% of the cases and in-hospital mortality rates were 9.5% and 0%, respectively. Conclusion: P/LP ACTA2 variants are associated with an increased risk for an aortic event and age-related penetrance, which emphasizes the importance of early recognition of the disease. Caregivers should be aware of the risk for aortic dissections, even in individuals with aortic diameters within the normal range

Data Processing Pipeline for Lipid Profiling of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque with Mass Spectrometry Imaging

Atherosclerosis is a lipid and inflammation-driven disease of the arteries that is characterized by gradual buildup of plaques in the vascular wall. A so-called vulnerable plaque, consisting of a lipid-rich necrotic core contained by a thin fibrous cap, may rupture and trigger thrombus formation, which can lead to ischemia in the heart (heart attack) or in the brain (stroke). In this study, we present a protocol to investigate the lipid composition of advanced human carotid plaques using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), providing a framework that should enable the discrimination of vulnerable from stable plaques based on lipid composition. We optimized the tissue preparation and imaging method

Lipid signature of advanced human carotid atherosclerosis assessed by mass spectrometry imaging

Carotid atherosclerosis is a risk factor for ischemic stroke, one of the main causes of mortality and disability worldwide. The disease is characterized by plaques, heterogeneous deposits of lipids, and necrotic debris in the vascular wall, which grow gradually and may remain asymptomatic for decades. However, at some point a plaque can evolve to a high-risk plaque phenotype, which may trigger a cerebrovascular event. Lipids play a key role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, but the nature of their involvement is not fully understood. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging, we visualized the distribution of approximately 200 different lipid signals, originating of >90 uniquely assigned species, in 106 tissue sections of 12 human carotid atherosclerotic plaques. We performed unsupervised classification of the mass spectrometry dataset, as well as a histology-directed multivariate analysis. These data allowed us to extract the spatial lipid patterns associated with morphological plaque features in advanced plaques from a symptomatic population, revealing spatial lipid patterns in atherosclerosis and their relation to histological tissue type. The abundances of sphingomyelin and oxidized cholesteryl ester species were elevated specifically in necrotic intima areas, whereas diacylglycerols and tri-acylglycerols were spatially correlated to areas containing the coagulation protein fibrin. These results demonstrate a clear colocalization between plaque features and specific lipid classes, as well as individual lipid species in high-risk atherosclerotic plaques.Proteomic

Klimaatadaptatie in het landelijk gebied. Verkenning naar wegen voor een klimaatbestendig Nederland

Klimaatverandering werkt via hogere temperaturen, veranderingen in neerslagpatronen, veranderingen in frequentie en intensiteit van weersextremen en zeespiegelstijging door op het functioneren van het landgebruik en het watersysteem in het landelijk gebied. De doorwerking van de hierboven genoemde klimaateffecten is complex en verschilt tussen gebieden en verschillende vormen van landgebruik. Klimaatverandering bedreigt sommige functies maar biedt ook nieuwe kansen. Om deze kansen te benutten en de bedreigingen het hoofd te bieden is klimaatadaptatie nodig. Adaptatiemaatregelen in het landelijk gebied kunnen genomen worden binnen de verschillende sectoren en binnen het water-, natuur-, landbouw- en ruimtelijke ordeningsbeleid. Er is een samenhangend pakket van maatregelen nodig. Dit noemen we een integrale adaptatierichting. Deze studie onderzoekt mogelijke adaptatierichtingen voor verschillende landschapstypen; zeekleigebied, veenweide en de hoge zandgronden

Factors Associated with Revision Surgery after Internal Fixation of Hip Fractures

Background: Femoral neck fractures are associated with high rates of revision surgery after management with internal fixation. Using data from the Fixation using Alternative Implants for the Treatment of Hip fractures (FAITH) trial evaluating methods of internal fixation in patients with femoral neck fractures, we investigated associations between baseline and surgical factors and the need for revision surgery to promote healing, relieve pain, treat infection or improve function over 24 months postsurgery. Additionally, we investigated factors associated with (1) hardware removal and (2) implant exchange from cancellous screws (CS) or sliding hip screw (SHS) to total hip arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty, or another internal fixation device. Methods: We identified 15 potential factors a priori that may be associated with revision surgery, 7 with hardware removal, and 14 with implant exchange. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses in our investigation. Results: Factors associated with increased risk of revision surgery included: female sex, [hazard ratio (HR) 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-2.50; P = 0.001], higher body mass index (fo

’Tools of the Trade’ of the Tibetan Translators’=

Asian Studie